二尖瓣 阀 障碍

心脏的四个瓣膜之一, the mitral valve is located between the heart's upper-left chamber, 叫做左心房, and the heart's lower-left chamber, 叫做左心室.

阀门控制 血液流经心脏. The mitral valve controls blood flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle. 当心脏收缩时，二尖瓣关闭以防止血液回流到肺部. If the valve becomes diseased or damaged, it may be surgically repaired or replaced to restore function.

如果不及时治疗, mitral valve disease may lead to more serious problems, 比如心脏扩张, in which the heart's walls become stretched and weakened. 因此， 心律问题 可能发生的情况包括 心房纤颤.

二尖瓣疾病的类型

The two most common conditions that require mitral valve repair include:

• 二尖瓣脱垂 Myxomatous degeneration of the valve, also known as "floppy valve" or mitral valve prolapse, is the most common condition that requires mitral valve repair. 当二尖瓣小叶变得松软或松动，瓣膜不能正常打开和关闭时，就会发生这种情况. 在大多数情况下，它不会引起症状，因此不需要治疗.
  
  然而, 在更严重的情况下, the condition may cause mitral valve regurgitation, in which the blood leaks backwards into the lungs. 这可能导致心脏扩张，心脏壁被拉伸和削弱. 因此， 心律问题 可能发生的情况包括 心房纤颤. 几乎所有由黏液瘤变性引起的瓣膜渗漏都可以通过手术成功修复.
• 二尖瓣狭窄 二尖瓣 valve stenosis is a narrowing of the opening of the mitral valve, which can prevent the valve from opening and closing normally, reducing the amount of 血液流经心脏. 随着时间的推移, stenosis can cause high blood pressure in the left atrium and the lungs, which can lead to breathing difficulties.

Other conditions that may require mitral valve repair include:

• 心内膜炎 This is an infection affecting the heart valves or the inner surface, 叫做心内膜, 心的. 心内膜炎 typically occurs when bacteria or other germs in the mouth, 肠道或泌尿道通过血液到达心脏，并在心脏内停留. These bacteria usually don't cause problems in normal hearts, but 有缺陷的心 or those that have been repaired are vulnerable to infection. 一旦感染发生，细菌就会继续生长，并可能严重损害心脏.
• 心脏衰竭 心脏衰竭 develops when the heart doesn't function properly. “心力衰竭”和“充血性心力衰竭”(CHF)这两个名字经常让人们感到困惑，因为心脏实际上并没有“衰竭”或停止跳动. 心力衰竭是一个医学术语，描述了心脏的一个或多个腔体“无法”跟上流经它们的血液量的情况. 心力衰竭可由多种潜在疾病和健康问题引起.
  
  患有严重反流的终末期心力衰竭患者——血液向后渗漏到肺部——可能需要二尖瓣修复. 然而, many of these patients will eventually need a 心脏移植手术.

Our Approach to 二尖瓣 阀 障碍

加州大学旧金山分校, 二尖瓣紊乱的患者由心脏瓣膜问题的专家团队进行治疗, including interventional cardiologists and cardiothoracic surgeons. We offer the full range of therapy options, including minimally invasive approaches to repairing or replacing the valve. Compared with traditional open heart surgery, these procedures have many benefits for patients, 包括更快的恢复, less postoperative pain and minimal scarring.

Research shows that when faulty valves are repaired early on, before they lead to heart damage, patients have much better immediate and long-term results. 我们的外科十大赌博平台排行榜在修复早期二尖瓣疾病方面取得了巨大的成功. 研究也显示了手术修复二尖瓣的许多优点，而不是替换. 然而，在某些情况下，阀门可能严重损坏，建议更换.