卡波济氏 肉瘤

迹象 & 症状

If there are signs of 卡波济氏 sarcoma (KS), a doctor will examine the skin and lymph nodes carefully. Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures that are found throughout the body. They produce and store infection-fighting cells. The doctor also may recommend other tests to see if the patient has other diseases.

KS causes red or purple patches, called lesions, on the skin as well as on mucous membranes. It may spread to other organs in the body, such as the lungs, liver or intestinal tract.

类型

病人 are grouped depending on which type of 卡波济氏 sarcoma they have. There are three types of 卡波济氏 sarcoma:

• 经典 经典 卡波济氏 sarcoma is often described as occurring mainly in older men of Jewish, 意大利或地中海遗产. 然而, it also is relatively more common throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa, 南美, the Middle East and the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe than in Western Europe and the United States.This type of 卡波济氏 sarcoma progresses slowly, sometimes over a period of 10 to 15 years. As the disease gets worse, the lower legs may swell and the blood may not be able to flow properly. After some time, the disease may spread to other organs.
• Immunosuppressive-Treatment相关 卡波济氏 sarcoma may occur in people who are taking drugs called immunosuppresants to make their immune systems weaker. The immune system helps the body fight off infection. 接受过器官移植的人, 比如肝脏或肾脏的移植, have to take drugs to prevent their immune systems from attacking the new organs.
• 疫情 卡波济氏 sarcoma in patients who have 艾滋病 is called epidemic 卡波济氏 sarcoma. It usually spreads more quickly than other kinds of 卡波济氏 sarcoma and often is found in many parts of the body.

治疗

Four kinds of treatment generally are used to treat patients with 卡波济氏 sarcoma:

• 手术切除肿瘤
• 化疗, using drugs to kill cancer cells
• Radiation therapy, using high-dose X-rays to kill cancer cells
• Biological therapy, using the body's immune system to fight cancer

手术

手术意味着切除肿瘤. A doctor may remove the cancer using one of the following:

• Surgically cutting out the lesion and some of the tissue around it
• Electrodesiccation and curettage to burn the lesion and remove it with a sharp instrument
• Cryotherapy to freeze the tumor and kill it

化疗

化疗 uses drugs to kill cancer cells. 化疗 may be taken by pill or it may be put into the body by a needle in a vein or muscle.

化疗 is called a systemic treatment because the drug enters the bloodstream, travels through the body and can kill cancer cells outside the original site. Because 卡波济氏 sarcoma is a systemic disease, often developing in several different locations at once, 通常需要全身治疗.

A safe and fairly effective chemotherapy drug commonly used to treat 卡波济氏 sarcoma is liposomal doxorubicin, 被称为Doxil. 化疗 for 卡波济氏 sarcoma also may be injected into the lesion, a treatment called intralesional chemotherapy.

放射治疗

Radiation therapy uses high-dose X-rays or other high-energy rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation therapy used to be a common treatment of 卡波济氏 sarcoma but it is a local treatment for a disease that often is widespread. Another limitation is that it can only be used at each location, yet KS tends to recur.

生物治疗

Biological therapy tries to get the body to fight the cancer. It uses materials made by the body or made in a laboratory to boost, direct or restore the body's natural defenses against disease. Biological therapy is sometimes called biological response modifier (BRM) therapy or immunotherapy. Interferon can be useful for some patients with KS, especially if their immune systems are relatively healthy.