Pacemaker

A pacemaker is a small device implanted in the chest to help control your heartbeat. 这是在心跳过快时使用的, 因心脏病发作而缓慢或不规律的, heart failure or another problem that has damaged the heart's natural electrical system. A pacemaker mimics that system by sending out painless electrical signals that stimulate heart muscle contraction – the first part of the heart's pumping action. 装有起搏器可以缓解头晕, fainting episodes and shortness of breath caused by a slow or unsteady heartbeat.

起搏器由电池供电. 大多数由两部分组成:脉冲发生器, a small metal container about the size of a matchbox that contains the battery and electronics, 还有引线, 传导电信号的细导线. Most pacemakers are placed under the skin of the chest and connected to the heart through the leads. 但也有无导线起搏器, which are placed directly in the heart through a minimally invasive procedure.

心脏起搏器通常作为一种永久性治疗植入. But they're sometimes used as a temporary measure to stabilize heart rhythms in people recovering from a heart attack, 心脏手术或药物过量减慢了他们的心率.

起搏器的类型

There are many types of pacemakers, designed to treat a range of heart conditions. We use the full array at UCSF, and our heart team has expertise in implanting every kind. 下面是帮助你理解这些类型的方法:

A single-chamber pacemaker has a single lead that connects to the heart's lower right chamber (ventricle) or upper right chamber (atrium).
A dual-chamber pacemaker has two leads that connect to both the upper and lower chambers on the heart's right side. This device helps control the timing of contractions between the chambers.
双心室起搏器有三个导联, which connect to both chambers on the heart's right side plus the lower left ventricle. This type is used to regulate the heart's beating in some patients with advanced heart failure.
起搏器可与心脏起搏器结合使用植入式心律转复除颤器 (ICD), which can shock your heart back to a normal rhythm if it becomes dangerously fast. 这个装置是用来防止猝死的.
A leadless pacemaker is implanted inside the heart through a minimally invasive procedure.

Your doctor will recommend the best type for you based on your symptoms and specific heart condition.

评价

确定心脏起搏器是否适合你的情况, you'll be checked for certain problems that may have damaged your heart's electrical system. 这些包括:

与年龄相关的心脏变化
冠状动脉疾病
心脏病
心脏传导阻滞(也称为房室传导阻滞), a problem in the heart's electrical system that causes a slow heart rate

作为评估的一部分，您可能需要进行以下测试:

心电图(心电图) – a painless test that records the electrical activity of your heart and detects abnormal rhythms
超声心动图 – uses sound waves to create images of your heart, which can show blocked blood flow
压力测试 – a type of EKG that monitors your heart's ability to function during exercise
动态心电监测 – a portable EKG that you wear for 24 to 48 hours while it records your heart's activity
Zio patch – a portable heart monitor that records your heart's rhythms for two weeks

根据你的检查结果和症状, 你的十大赌博平台排行榜会决定心脏起搏器是否适合你, if so, 哪种类型. 例如, if the tests show you have a weak heart that doesn't contract in a coordinated way, 你可能需要双心室起搏器.

Procedure

放置起搏器的程序取决于类型.

Pacemaker with leads – This requires a one- to three-hour surgery and general anesthesia. The surgeon makes a small incision just below your collarbone through which the lead is inserted into a nearby vein. x射线图像引导, the surgeon threads the lead to your heart and secures it in place with a tiny screw; the other end attaches to the pacemaker. Your doctor will then program the pulse generator and place it under the skin of your chest, 靠近锁骨. 您可能会在设备所在的皮肤下看到一个肿块.

Leadless pacemaker – This is implanted in a minimally invasive procedure, 使用薄板, 一种叫做导管的软管，用来进入心脏. 在注射麻醉后, a catheter containing the pacemaker is inserted into a blood vessel in your groin. The doctor threads the catheter through this vessel to the lower right chamber of your heart, 然后释放起搏器并将其附着在心脏组织上. 然后取出导管.

Recovery

After your procedure is finished, you'll be monitored in a post-op area for a brief period. 大多数病人在十大赌博平台排行榜过夜, but sometimes the procedure can be done safely on an outpatient basis, 也就是说你当天就可以回家了. Before discharge, your doctor will make sure the pacemaker is programmed properly for your needs.

Over the next month, you should avoid rigorous exercise and lifting anything heavier than 10 pounds. If you experience discomfort, you may need to take over-the-counter medications. 询问你的十大赌博平台排行榜哪种止痛药对你是安全的.

You will be scheduled for a one-week checkup to make sure your incision looks OK. 这可能是亲自或通过视频. About one month after the procedure, you will return for a follow-up visit with your doctor.

您将由我们的设备诊所或您当地的十大赌博平台排行榜进行监测. We'll provide you with special equipment that allows you to hook up your pacemaker to a phone line for remote testing that looks at whether everything is functioning properly and detects any abnormal heart rhythms. 心脏起搏器可以根据需要重新编程.