A Woman's Aching Knees

膝关节由股骨(大腿骨)、胫骨(胫骨)和髌骨(膝盖骨)组成。. 它本质上是一个由内侧侧支(MCL)固定的铰链关节, lateral collateral (LCL), anterior cruciate (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligaments (PCL).

我们大多数人都听说过女运动员更容易遭受创伤性膝盖损伤. 但大多数人不知道的是，你不一定要成为周末战士才会有严重的膝盖问题. Each year, roughly 10 million women see their doctors for knee pain, often caused by activities that are not related to sports, such as lifting boxes, going up a flight of stairs or squatting too much while gardening.

Why are women winding up with more knee injuries? Researchers suspect one of the most likely causes is the way women are built. 女性的臀部一般较宽，膝盖略偏内(她们的大腿骨从臀部到膝盖向内弯曲)，这种排列会给关节带来额外的压力. Another cause could be traced to a woman's muscles. More often, women tend to use their leg muscles differently than men.

以下是女性常见的膝关节问题，以及UCSF骨科十大赌博平台排行榜和膝关节专家提供的预防方法:

Problem: Patella or Kneecap Pain (pain in the front of the kneecap)

当你正常工作时，当你伸腿时，你的膝盖骨应该笔直地上下滑动. 但有时膝盖骨会稍微偏离轨道，与附近的骨头和软骨摩擦. 这会导致膝盖前面和膝盖骨后面的疼痛和肿胀. You can also hear a crackling noise.

Solution

To prevent pain, 增强肌肉耐力和加强腿前部的股四头肌是很重要的. 你还需要拉伸可能紧绷的肌肉和肌腱，比如腿筋(在腿的后面)和髂胫束(在腿的外侧)。. It is also wise to avoid activities that may aggravate the kneecap, such as climbing stairs, running up and down hills and squatting excessively.

Problem: Meniscus tears

半月板是一个新月形的软骨，作为膝盖的缓冲. You have two menisci in each knee. When the meniscus breaks down, 撕裂的碎片会引起刺激，导致膝盖内侧(内侧)或外侧(外侧)疼痛和肿胀, depending on which meniscus is torn.

Solution

If you have meniscus pain, 一定要冰敷膝盖，并服用消炎药来消肿. Work on stretching and strengthening your legs. 如果长时间活动后疼痛仍然存在，最好去看十大赌博平台排行榜进行全面评估.

Problem: ACL (Anterior Cruciate Ligament) Tears

The ACL is one the most commonly injured ligaments of the knee. Most injuries occur in the young, athletic population. 当前交叉韧带承受的力量超过韧带的力量时，它就会受伤. This may result from non-contact injury (landing awkwardly, 切断或改变方向)或在足球比赛中被擒抱等接触. The risk of ACL injury is highest in sports that require pivoting, jumping, cutting or a rapid change of direction. 对女性来说，这意味着参加足球、篮球、排球和体操等运动. 当运动员身体状况不佳，缺乏力量或灵活性时，这也是一个常见的问题.

经历前交叉韧带撕裂的人通常会描述一种关节“松动”或屈曲的感觉. Many patients also often hear or feel a "pop" at the time the knee is injured. 其他体征和症状可能包括受伤后无法继续比赛, a large amount of knee swelling noted 2-12 hours after the injury, 不能完全伸直或弯曲膝盖，并在体育活动中反复出现膝盖“让位”.

Solution

最近的研究表明，前交叉韧带损伤的风险可以通过旨在增加平衡和柔韧性的调节和训练计划来降低, and improve muscle strength and endurance. If you have an injury that you suspect may have caused an ACL tear, it is best to see your doctor for a full evaluation.

Problem: MCL (Medial Collateral Ligament) Tears

The MCL 当部分屈曲的膝盖外侧与脚固定在地面上撞击时，通常会受伤吗. 过度的膝侧旋(外扭)也会造成中韧带损伤. This force causes the medial aspect of the knee to widen, creating a stretch, partial tear or complete tear of the ligament. MCL损伤可能是孤立的，也可能是更复杂的膝关节损伤的组成部分. 常与MCL撕裂合并发生的损伤是前交叉韧带和半月板(软骨)撕裂. 韧带损伤后最常见的症状是膝关节内侧韧带直接疼痛. If only the MCL is injured, most patients are able to continue walking after an acute injury, 然而，他们经常有困难的活动，包括旋转和扭转. 关节疼痛和僵硬局限于膝关节内侧，该区域可能会肿胀. More significant MCL tears may give the patient a sense of instability.