Vascular Dementia
Overview
血管性痴呆(VaD)是老年人最常见的痴呆类型之一. It causes a subtle, 记忆力和其他脑功能的逐渐衰退, such as thinking, learning, remembering, organization skills and complex visual processing, and is caused by reduced blood flow in the brain.
VaD may be caused by a stroke在这种情况下，大脑的血液供应被阻塞，导致永久性脑损伤. 当由一次中风引起时，它被称为单梗死性痴呆. 当由一系列小的，通常不明显的中风引起时，它被称为多重梗死性痴呆.
大脑深处微小血管的损伤也可能导致一种被称为皮层下血管性痴呆的VaD. VaD may also occur with Alzheimer's disease会导致类似的症状，比如记忆力减退.
高血压心脏病高胆固醇 diabetes吸烟和酗酒可能会导致或增加癌症的风险 vascular disease, such as a stroke, and VaD. 及时诊断和治疗这些疾病对于预防VaD非常重要.
男性和非裔美国人患此病的风险也在增加.
Our approach to vascular dementia
At UCSF, 可能患有血管性痴呆的患者由包括神经科十大赌博平台排行榜在内的受过专门训练的团队进行评估, radiologists, pharmacists, nurses and other health professionals. Although there's no cure yet, 我们提供药物来控制症状，如记忆问题和情绪变化.
Awards & recognition
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Among the top hospitals in the nation
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Best in California and No. 2 in the nation for neurology & neurosurgery
Signs & symptoms
血管性痴呆(VaD)的症状发展可快可慢. At times, VaD患者在很长一段时间内没有明显的变化, or may even show improvement. 但是，如果疾病是由一次中风引起的，并且发生了另一次中风，症状可能会迅速恶化.
The condition often occurs with Alzheimer's disease, which complicates its progression. VaD的症状与阿尔茨海默病(AD)相似。, such as memory loss, 但通常通过提示和提醒更容易克服.
Common symptoms include:
- Difficulty following instructions
- 难以组织和解决复杂问题
- Difficulty retrieving words from memory
- Distraction or "absent mindedness"
- Problems speaking
- Slowed thinking
- Walking with rapid, shuffling steps
Other symptoms may include:
- Balance and movement problems
- 幻觉或妄想，这可能是痛苦的病人和照顾者
- Loss of bladder or bowel control
- 情绪和行为改变，如抑郁、易怒或冷漠
- Symptoms of Parkinson's disease, such as tremors
Diagnosis
血管性痴呆(VaD)的患者评估由包括神经科十大赌博平台排行榜在内的经过专门训练的团队进行, radiologists, pharmacists, 加州大学旧金山分校记忆和衰老中心的护士和其他健康专业人员. 第一步是确定患者是否患有痴呆症，如果是，原因是什么. 最困难的部分是将其与阿尔茨海默病(AD)区分开来。, since the conditions share many similar symptoms.
The diagnosis may include:
- Blood tests. Blood tests, 包括甲状腺功能和维生素B12水平的测试, are a routine part of the evaluation. 寻找糖尿病和胆固醇水平证据的测试也将进行.
- Brain scans. 脑部扫描将被进行，特别是寻找先前中风的迹象. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 是评估VaD最有用的测试之一吗. 核磁共振成像对中风引起的大脑变化非常敏感.
- Medical history. A medical history and symptoms will be collected. 患者应由家人或朋友陪同，他们可以提供有关患者记忆丧失程度和日常活动功能障碍的信息.
- Mental status assessment. An evaluation of memory and ability to understand, 将进行沟通和其他认知功能. 患者还将被问及抑郁症和情绪行为变化, since these are often altered in VaD.
- Physical exam. 病人将接受全面的身体检查，以检查是否有血管疾病, risk factors and other medical conditions, such as high blood pressure.
Treatments
目前还没有治愈血管性痴呆(VaD)的方法。.
治疗的目的是预防和控制酗酒等危险因素, diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and smoking. For example, 高血压和胆固醇可以通过药物联合治疗, regular exercise and a healthy diet. 治疗这些疾病可以大大降低患痴呆症的风险.
研究正在进行，以确定治疗阿尔茨海默病(AD)的药物是否, such as cholinesterase inhibitors, are effective in treating VaD.
加州大学旧金山分校健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. 它仅用于教育目的，并不打算取代您的十大赌博平台排行榜或其他医疗保健提供者的建议. 我们鼓励您与您的供应商讨论您可能遇到的任何问题或疑虑.
