甲状腺机能亢进
Overview
甲状腺机能亢进 occurs when the thyroid produces excess thyroid hormone. The thyroid gland is located in the neck and produces several hormones, 控制新陈代谢, 或者细胞使用能量的方式. 甲状腺机能亢进 is a common disorder affecting over two million Americans, most of whom are women.
The most common cause of the condition is Graves' disease, which accounts for 85 percent of cases. 甲状腺机能亢进也可由结节性甲状腺肿引起, a condition in which an inflammation of the thyroid occurs due to viral infections or other causes, 摄入过量甲状腺激素, 以及摄入过量的碘.
我们治疗甲状腺机能亢进的方法
UCSF offers comprehensive consultations and treatments for thyroid conditions, 包括甲状腺机能亢进(甲状腺过度活跃). The best treatment for a patient with hyperthyroidism depends on the underlying cause as well as the severity of 症状, 可能包括药物治疗, radioactive iodine therapy or surgical removal of the thyroid. 考虑手术的患者, UCSF offers less invasive approaches that leave either no scar or a small scar hidden under the chin.
奖 & 识别
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是全国顶尖的十大赌博平台排行榜之一
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全国最好的糖尿病治疗中心之一 & 内分泌学
迹象 & 症状
最初, many patients do not experience any 症状 and therefore do not get diagnosed with hyperthyroidism until it is more advanced. 在老年人中, some or all of the typical 症状 of hyperthyroidism may be absent, 病人可能只是体重减轻或变得抑郁. 该病症的典型症状包括:
- 紧张和易怒
- Increased resting heart rate, which causes heart palpitations
- 热不耐受和出汗增多
- 震动
- 体重减轻，食欲增加
- 频繁排便
- 甲状腺肿大导致颈部肿块
- 胫前粘液性myxdemia, which causes a thick redness on the front of legs and typically occurs with Graves' disease
- Thin, delicate skin and irregular fingernail and hair growth
- 月经紊乱，如月经量减少
- 心理障碍
- 睡眠障碍，包括失眠
- 视力变化, 眼睛刺激或眼球突出, which is a protrusion of the eyes that typically occurs with Graves' disease
诊断
Your doctor will first perform a physical examination to check for any obvious 症状 of hyperthyroidism. 此外，您的十大赌博平台排行榜可能会进行其他检查，包括:
- 血液测试. 血液测试 are performed that measure the levels of the thyroid hormones, T4and T3, which must be high to make a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. The level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) also is measured. With hyperthyroidism TSH is low while T4 and T3 levels are high.
- 碘吸收扫描. This test measures thyroid function by determining how much iodine is taken up by the thyroid gland. 病人 are given a small dose of radioactive iodine that is taken on an empty stomach. The iodine is concentrated in the thyroid gland or excreted in the urine over the next few hours. The amount of iodine that goes into the thyroid gland is then measured.
- 甲状腺扫描. This test typically is performed at the same time as the iodine uptake test because it also requires that a patient take radioactive iodine, 然后集中在甲状腺. 甲状腺扫描s use the emissions of gamma rays from radioactive iodine to obtain a picture of the thyroid.
治疗
Treatment varies depending on the cause of hyperthyroidism and the severity of 症状. 治疗方案包括:
- 抗甲状腺药物. Antithyroid drugs may be prescribed to suppress the production and release of thyroid hormones by inhibiting the use of iodine by the thyroid. Side effects may include skin rash, joint pains, fever, low white count and jaundice.
- 放射性碘. This is the preferred treatment of hyperthyroidism caused by Graves' disease. A radioactive iodine tablet is ingested and then taken up by thyroid cells. These overactive cells are damaged so that the thyroid can shrink in size and produce hormones at normal levels. 虽然这是一种安全的治疗方法, most people eventually become hypothyroid after radioactive iodine therapy and therefore require lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy. 放射性碘 therapy cannot be given to pregnant women or those who are breastfeeding.
- 手术. In severe cases, surgery to remove the thyroid, called thyroidectomy, may be performed. 如果甲状腺被切除, replacement thyroid hormones must be taken for the rest of a person's life. Candidates for surgery may include pregnant hyperthyroid patients intolerant of antithyroid drugs, patients desiring definitive therapy without the use of radioactive iodine, children and patients with very large or nodular goiters.
- 其他药物. 偶尔, drugs known as beta adrenergic blocking agents are prescribed to block the action of thyroid hormone on the heart and thus relieve 症状. 除非甲亢是由甲状腺炎引起的, these drugs are used in conjunction with other treatments.
加州大学旧金山分校健康 medical specialists have reviewed this information. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.
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