Brain Aneurysm

Signs & symptoms

脑动脉瘤通常在泄漏或破裂之前不会引起症状, 导致脑出血，并在其他疾病的检查中被发现. 即使它们没有引起任何症状，也应该对这些动脉瘤进行治疗，以防止未来的破裂.

动脉瘤破裂的标志性症状是突然和极其严重的头痛，可能伴有恶心, vomiting, stiff neck, impaired consciousness, seizures or coma.

Symptoms of an unruptured aneurysm may include:

• Cranial nerve palsy or erratic muscle movements
• Dilated pupils
• Double vision
• Localized headache
• Pain above and behind the eye

Diagnosis

脑动脉瘤破裂是一种非常严重的疾病，在某些情况下可能是致命的. A quick and accurate diagnosis is essential for your recovery. Tests commonly used in the diagnosis of aneurysms include:

• Cerebral angiography. This test is commonly used to diagnose aneurysms. 一种可以在x射线上看到的特殊染料被注射到向大脑供血的动脉中. 染料流经大脑血管，可以显示任何阻塞或泄漏.
• Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Using a strong magnetic field, an MRI 可以生成大脑的三维图像和血管的详细图像，这些图像可以用来检测癌症, diagnose and aid the treatment of aneurysms. The procedure is painless.
• Computed tomography (CT) scan. With this test, X-ray beams create a 3-D image of the brain. 在动脉瘤破裂后，CT扫描可以发现动脉出血.

Treatments

几乎所有的脑动脉瘤都应该进行治疗，以防止它们破裂或尽快修复破裂的动脉瘤，并加强动脉以防止未来的破裂.

Surgery

以下是一些用于治疗动脉瘤的外科技术.

• 3-D computer modeling. This technique, first performed by neurosurgeons at UCSF Medical Center, is used for difficult to treat and rare aneurysms. 它可以生成动脉瘤的三维图像，以及通过动脉流向动脉瘤的血液. Dye is injected into arteries to track blood flow. 计算机将这些信息与脑部扫描叠加，形成动脉瘤的三维模型. Using a computer, 外科十大赌博平台排行榜可以测试不同的手术技术是否足以改变血液流动以缓解动脉瘤内的“热点”压力.
• Microsurgical clipping. 大多数动脉瘤可以用显微外科手术夹持治疗. Aneurysms are accessed through an opening in the skull. 外科十大赌博平台排行榜使用高倍手术显微镜，将脑组织分开. 在动脉瘤底部放置一个小金属夹，以固定动脉的膨出部分. 夹子必须在不撕裂动脉和引起中风的情况下放置.
• Skull base surgery. 这种手术通常用于位于大脑下方的深层和复杂的动脉瘤. 动脉瘤通过颅骨底部的骨头进入. 外科十大赌博平台排行榜从动脉下方或一侧进入动脉瘤. The shorter pathway causes less disturbance.
• Vascular bypass grafting. 有些动脉瘤，如那些复杂而大的动脉瘤，需要血管旁路移植术. 从腿部取出一条静脉，用来连接颈部动脉和脑部动脉，绕过动脉瘤.

Endovascular therapy

脑动脉瘤的血管内治疗是手术之外的一种微创治疗方法, known as endovascular coiling. The procedure does not require an incision in the head. It is performed under general anesthesia or light sedation, 与传统手术相比，恢复时间和住院时间更短. 然而，并不是所有患者都推荐血管内治疗.

The procedure involves placing small, metal coils inside the aneurysm using a catheter or long, flexible tube. 导管插入腿部的动脉，并通过血管系统导航, into the head and aneurysm.

线圈从导管上分离并放置在动脉瘤中, where they block blood flow and cause blood to clot, destroying the aneurysm. 线圈是由铂金制成的，所以在x光下是可见的，而且它们很灵活，可以符合动脉瘤的形状.