输尿管逆行刷 活组织检查

定义

输尿管逆行刷 活组织检查 是一种外科手术. 在手术过程中, your surgeon takes a small sample of tissue from the lining of the kidney or ureter. The ureter is the tube that connects a kidney to the bladder. The tissue is sent to a lab for testing.

选择的名字

Biopsy - brush - urinary tract; Retrograde ureteral brush 活组织检查 cytology; Cytology - ureteral retrograde brush 活组织检查

如何执行测试

This procedure is done using:

• 区域(脊髓)麻醉
• 全身麻醉

你不会感到任何疼痛. The test takes about 30 to 60 minutes.

A 膀胱镜 is first placed through the urethra into the bladder. A 膀胱镜 is a tube with a camera on the end.

• Then a guide wire is inserted through the 膀胱镜 into the ureter (the tube between the bladder and kidney).
• 取出膀胱镜. But the guide wire is left in place.
• A ureteroscope is inserted over or next to the guide wire. The ureteroscope is a longer, thinner telescope with a small camera. The surgeon can see the inside of the ureter or kidney through the camera.
• A nylon or steel brush is placed through the ureteroscope. The area to be biopsied is rubbed with the brush. Biopsy forceps may be used instead to collect a tissue sample.
• The brush or 活组织检查 forceps is removed. The tissue is taken from the instrument.

The sample is then sent to a pathology lab for analysis. The instrument and guide wire are removed from the body. A small tube or stent may be left in the ureter. This prevents a kidney blockage caused by swelling from the procedure. 之后会被移除.

How to Prepare for the Test

You may not be able to eat or drink anything for about 6 hours before the test. Your health care provider will tell you how you need to prepare.

考试的感觉如何

你可能有 some mild cramping or discomfort after the test is over. 你可能有 a burning feeling the first few times you empty your bladder. You may also urinate more often or have some blood in your urine for a few days after the procedure. 你可能有 discomfort from the stent that will continue to be in place until it is removed at a later time.

为什么要进行测试

This test is used to take a sample of tissue from the kidney or ureter. 时执行 x射线 or other test has shown a suspicious area (lesion). This can also be done if there is blood or abnormal cells in the urine.

正常的结果

组织看起来正常.

异常结果意味着什么

Abnormal results may show cancer cells (癌). This test is often used to tell the difference between cancerous (malignant) and noncancerous (良性的)病变.

风险

风险 for anesthesia and surgery in general are:

• 药物反应
• 呼吸困难
• 出血，血栓
• 感染

Another possible risk for this procedure is damage that creates a hole (perforation) in the ureter. This can cause scarring of the ureter and you may need another surgery to correct the problem. Tell your provider if you have an allergy to seafood. This could cause you to have an 过敏反应 to the contrast dye used during this test.

注意事项

This test should not be performed in people with a:

• 尿路感染
• Blockage at or below the 活组织检查 site

你可能有 腹部疼痛 或者疼痛在你身边侧面).

少量的 尿中带血 is normal the first few times you urinate after the procedure. Your urine may look faintly pink. Report very bloody urine or bleeding that lasts longer than 3 emptyings of the bladder to your provider.

Call your provider if you have:

• Pain that is bad or is not getting better
• 发热
• 发冷
• 尿很血
• Bleeding that continues after you have emptied your bladder 3 times

参考文献

Kallidonis P, Liatsikos E. Urothelial tumors of the upper urinary tract and ureter. In: Partin AW, Dmochowski RR, Kavoussi LR, Peters CA, eds. Campbell-Walsh-Wein Urology. 12日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 98.

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases website. 膀胱镜检查 & 输尿管镜. www.的趋势.国家卫生研究院.gov/health-information/diagnostic-tests/cystoscopy-输尿管镜. 2021年7月更新. 于2022年8月23日发布.