Therapeutic drug levels
Definition
治疗药物水平是检测血液中药物或药物含量的实验室测试.
Alternative Names
Therapeutic drug monitoring
How the Test is Performed
A blood sample is needed. Most of the time, blood is
How to Prepare for the Test
你需要准备一些药物水平测试.
- 你的医疗保健提供者会告诉你是否需要改变你服用任何药物的时间.
- 不要停止或改变你的药物没有事先告诉你的提供者.
How the Test will Feel
当针插入时，你可能会感到轻微的疼痛或刺痛. 抽血后，您可能还会在该部位感到一些悸动.
Why the Test is Performed
对于大多数药物来说，你需要血液中一定量的药物才能达到适当的效果. 有些药物如果含量过高就有害，而如果含量过低就不起作用.
监测你血液中药物的含量可以让你的十大赌博平台排行榜确保药物水平在适当的范围内.
药物水平测试对服用药物的人很重要，例如:
- 氟卡因胺，普鲁卡因胺或地高辛，用于治疗心脏异常跳动
- 锂，用于治疗躁郁症
- 苯妥英或丙戊酸，用于治疗癫痫或其他疾病
- 庆大霉素或阿米卡星是用于治疗感染的抗生素
- Tacrolimus, sirolimus or cyclosporine, 哪些是用来抑制免疫系统对移植器官的活性的
测试也可以用来确定你的身体对药物的分解程度，或者它如何与你需要的其他药物相互作用.
Normal Results
以下是一些经常检查的药物和正常目标水平:
- Acetaminophen: varies with use
- Amikacin: 15 to 25 mcg/mL (25.62 to 42.70 micromol/L)
- 阿米替林:120至150 ng/mL (432.60 to 540.75 nmol/L)
- Carbamazepine: 5 to 12 mcg/mL (21.16 to 50.80 micromol/L)
- Cyclosporine: 100 to 400 ng/mL (83.20 to 332.80 nmol/L) (12 hours after dose)
- Desipramine: 150 to 300 ng/mL (563.10 to 1126.20 nmol/L)
- Digoxin: 0.8 to 2.0 ng/mL (1.02 to 2.56 nanomol/L)
- Disopyramide: 2 to 5 mcg/mL (5.89 to 14.73 micromol/L)
- Ethosuximide: 40 to 100 mcg/mL (283.36 to 708.40 micromol/L)
- Flecainide: 0.2 to 1.0 mcg/mL (0.5 to 2.4 micromol/L)
- Gentamicin: 5 to 10 mcg/mL (10.45 to 20.90 micromol/L)
- Imipramine: 150 to 300 ng/mL (534.90 to 1069.80 nmol/L)
- Kanamycin: 20 to 25 mcg/mL (41.60 to 52.00 micromol/L)
- Lidocaine: 1.5 to 5.0 mcg/mL (6.40 to 21.34 micromol/L)
- Lithium: 0.8 to 1.2 mEq/L (0.8 to 1.2 mmol/L)
- Methotrexate: varies with use
- Nortriptyline: 50 to 150 ng/mL (189.85 to 569.55 nmol/L)
- Phenobarbital: 10 to 30 mcg/mL (43.10 to 129.30 micromol/L)
- Phenytoin: 10 to 20 mcg/mL (39.68 to 79.36 micromol/L)
- Primidone: 5 to 12 mcg/mL (22.91 to 54.98 micromol/L)
- Procainamide: 4 to 10 mcg/mL (17.00 to 42.50 micromol/L)
- Quinidine: 2 to 5 mcg/mL (6.16 to 15.41 micromol/L)
- Salicylate: varies with use
- Sirolimus: 4 to 20 ng/mL (4 to 22 nmol/L) (12 hours after dose; varies with use)
- 他克莫司:5 ~ 15ng /mL (4 ~ 25nmol /L)(给药后12小时)
- Theophylline: 10 to 20 mcg/mL (55.50 to 111.00 micromol/L)
- Tobramycin: 5 to 10 mcg/mL (10.69 to 21.39 micromol/L)
- Valproic acid: 50 to 100 mcg/mL (346.70 to 693.40 micromol/L)
不同实验室的正常值范围可能略有不同. 与您的十大赌博平台排行榜谈谈您的具体测试结果的含义.
上面的示例显示了这些测试结果的常用度量. 一些实验室使用不同的测量方法或可能测试不同的样品.
What Abnormal Results Mean
超出目标范围的数值可能是由于微小的变化，或者是您需要调整剂量的信号. 如果测量值过高，十大赌博平台排行榜可能会告诉你跳过一剂.
以下是一些常用药物的毒性水平:
- 对乙酰氨基酚:大于250微克/毫升(1653.50 micromol/L)
- Amikacin: greater than 25 mcg/mL (42.70 micromol/L)
- 阿米替林:大于500ng /mL (1802.50 nmol/L)
- 卡马西平:大于12微克/毫升(50.80 micromol/L)
- 环孢素:大于400ng /mL (332.80 micromol/L)
- 地西帕明:大于500ng /mL (1877.00 nmol/L)
- Digoxin: greater than 2.4 ng/mL (3.07 nmol/L)
- 二丙酰胺:大于5微克/毫升(14.73 micromol/L)
- 乙磺酰亚胺:大于100微克/毫升(708.40 micromol/L)
- Flecainide: greater than 1.0 mcg/mL (2.4 micromol/L)
- 庆大霉素:大于12微克/毫升(25.08 micromol/L)
- 丙咪嗪:大于500 ng/mL (1783.00 nmol/L)
- 卡那霉素:大于35微克/毫升(72.80 micromol/L)
- Lidocaine: greater than 5 mcg/mL (21.34 micromol/L)
- Lithium: greater than 2.0 mEq/L (2.00 millimol/L)
- 甲氨蝶呤:给药后24小时大于10 mcmol/L (10,000 nmol/L)
- 去甲替林:大于500 ng/mL (1898.50 nmol/L)
- 苯巴比妥:大于40微克/毫升(172.40 micromol/L)
- 苯妥英:大于30微克/毫升(119.04 micromol/L)
- Primidone:大于15mcg /mL (68.73 micromol/L)
- 普鲁卡因胺:大于16微克/毫升(68.00 micromol/L)
- 奎尼丁:大于10微克/毫升(30.82 micromol/L)
- 水杨酸:大于300微克/毫升(2172.00 micromol/L)
- 茶碱:大于20微克/毫升(111.00 micromol/L)
- 妥布霉素:大于12微克/毫升(25.67 micromol/L)
- 丙戊酸:大于100微克/毫升(693.40 micromol/L)
References
Bluth MH, Pincus MR, Abraham NZ. 毒理学和治疗药物监测. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. 亨利氏病的临床诊断及实验室方法处理. 24th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 24.
Clarke W. 治疗药物监测概述. In: Clarke W, Dasgupta A, eds. 治疗药物监测的临床挑战. Cambridge, MA: Elsevier; 2016:chap 1.
Diasio RB. Principles of drug therapy. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 26.
Nelson LS. Acute poisoning. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 102.
Review Date: 06/20/2023