睾丸自检方法

定义

睾丸自检方法 is an examination of the testicles that you do on yourself.

选择的名字

Screening - 睾丸癌 - self-exam; 睾丸癌 - screening - self-exam

How the Test is Performed

The testicles (also called the testes) are the male reproductive organs that produce sperm and the hormone testosterone. They are located in the scrotum under the penis.

You can do this test during or after a shower. This way, the scrotal skin is warm and relaxed. It is best to do the test while standing.

• Gently feel your scrotal sac to locate a testicle.
• Use one hand to stabilize the testicle. Use your fingers and thumb of the other hand to firmly but gently feel the testicle. Feel the entire surface.
• Check the other testicle in the same way.

Why the Test is Performed

A testicular self-exam is done to check for 睾丸癌.

Testicles have blood vessels and other structures that can make the exam confusing. If you notice any lumps or changes in a testicle, contact your health care provider right away.

Your provider may recommend that you do a testicular self-exam every month if you have any of the following risk factors:

• Family history of 睾丸癌
• 既往睾丸肿瘤
• 李金芳

然而, if a man has no risk factors or symptoms, experts do not know if doing testicular self-exam lowers the chance of dying of this 癌症.

正常的结果

Each testicle should feel firm, but not rock hard. One testicle may be lower or slightly larger than the other.

Talk to your provider if you have questions.

What Abnormal Results Mean

如果你找到一个小的, 硬块(像豌豆一样), have an enlarged testicle, or notice any other differences that do not seem normal, see your provider right away.

如果出现以下情况，请致电您的提供商:

• You cannot find one or both testicles. The testicles may not have descended properly in the scrotum.
• There is a soft collection of thin tubes above the testicle. This may be a collection of widened veins (精索静脉曲张).
• You have pain or swelling in the scrotum. This may be an infection or a fluid-filled sac (积水) causing a blockage of blood flow to the area. It may be difficult to feel the testicle if there is fluid in the scrotum.

突然, severe (acute) pain in the scrotum or testicle that lasts for more than a few minutes is an emergency. If you have this type of pain, seek medical attention right away.

A lump in the testicle is often the first sign of 睾丸癌. If you find a lump, see a provider right away. Most 睾丸癌s are very treatable. Keep in mind that some cases of 睾丸癌 do not show symptoms until they reach an advanced stage.

风险

There are no risks with this self-exam.

参考文献。

American Cancer Society website. Can 睾丸癌 be found early? www.癌症.org/癌症/testicular-癌症/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html. 2018年5月17日更新. Accessed November 30, 2021.

Friedlander TW, Small E. 睾丸癌. In: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. 6日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 83.

National Cancer Institute website. 睾丸癌 screening (PDQ) - health professional version. www.癌症.gov/types/testicular/hp/testicular-screening-pdq. 2021年8月11日更新. Accessed November 30, 2021.

US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for 睾丸癌: US Preventive Services Task Force reaffirmation recommendation statement. Ann实习十大赌博平台排行榜. 2011;154(7):483-486. PMID: 21464350 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.国家卫生研究院.gov / 21464350 /.