逆行性膀胱造影术

定义

逆行性膀胱造影术 is a detailed x射线 膀胱的. Contrast dye is placed into the bladder through the urethra. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

选择的名字

Cystography - retrograde; Cystogram

How the Test is Performed

You will lie on a table. A numbing medicine is applied to the opening to your urethra. A flexible tube (catheter) is inserted through your urethra into the bladder. Contrast dye flows through the tube until your bladder is full or you tell the technician that your bladder feels full.

When the bladder is full, you are placed in different positions so that x射线s can be taken. A final x射线 is taken once the catheter is removed and you have emptied your bladder. This reveals how well your bladder empties.

The test takes about 30 to 60 minutes.

How to Prepare for the Test

You must sign an informed consent form. You must empty your bladder before the test. You will be asked questions to determine if you may have an 过敏反应 对比染料, or if you have a current infection that could make inserting the catheter difficult.

考试的感觉如何

You may feel some pressure when the catheter is inserted. You will feel an urge to urinate when the contrast dye enters the bladder. The person performing the test will stop the flow when the pressure becomes uncomfortable. The urge to urinate will continue throughout the test.

After the test, the area where the catheter was placed may feel sore when you urinate.

Why the Test is Performed

You may need this test to examine your bladder for problems such as holes or tears, or to find out why you have repeated bladder infections. It is also used to look for problems such as:

• Abnormal connections between bladder tissue and a nearby structure (bladder fistulae)
• 膀胱结石
• 袋状的囊叫做 憩室 on the walls 膀胱的 or urethra
• 膀胱肿瘤
• Urinary tract infection
• Vesicoureteric回流 (urine flowing backward from the bladder to the ureter)

正常的结果

The bladder appears normal.

What Abnormal Results Mean

Abnormal results may be due to:

• 膀胱结石
• 血凝块
• 憩室
• Infection or inflammation
• 病变
• Vesicoureteric回流

风险

There is some risk for infection from the catheter. 症状可能包括:

• Burning during urination (after the first day)
• 发冷
• Decreased blood pressure (hypotension)
• 发热
• 增加 心率
• 增加 breathing rate

The amount of radiation exposure is similar to that of other x射线s. As with any radiation exposure, nursing or pregnant women should only have this test if it is determined that the benefits outweigh the risks.

注意事项

In males, testicles are shielded from the x射线s.

This test is not performed very often. It is most often done along with CT scan imaging for better resolution. Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)或 膀胱镜检查 用得更频繁.

参考文献

Bishoff JT, Rastinehad AR. Urinary tract imaging: basic principles of CT, MRI, and plain film imaging. In: Partin AW, Domochowski RR, Kavoussi LR, Peters CA, eds. Campbell-Walsh-Wein Urology. 12日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 3.

戴维斯JE，西尔弗曼MA. 泌尿道的过程. In: Roberts JR, Custalow CB, Thomsen TW, eds. Roberts and Hedges' Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine and Acute Care. 7日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 55.

Zagoria RJ, Dyer R, Brady C. An introduction to radiologic methods. In: Zagoria RJ, Dyer R, Brady C, eds. Genitourinary Imaging: The Requisites. 3日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016:chap 1.