息肉活检

定义

一个息肉 活组织检查 is a test that takes a sample of, or removes polyps (abnormal growths) for examination.

选择的名字

活检-息肉

How the Test is Performed

Polyps are growths of tissue that may be attached by a stalk-like structure (a 椎弓根). Polyps are commonly found in organs with many blood vessels. 这些机构包括 子宫, 结肠，胃，和 鼻子.

Some polyps are cancerous (malignant) and the cancer cells are likely to spread. Most polyps are noncancerous (benign). The most common site of polyps that are precancerous and are treated is the 结肠.

How a polyp 活组织检查 is done depends on the location:

• 结肠镜检查 or flexible sigmoidoscopy examines the large bowel
• Colposcopy-directed 活组织检查 examines the vagina and cervix
• Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)或其他 内窥镜检查 is used for the throat，胃，和 small bowel
• 喉镜检查 is used for the 鼻子 and throat

For areas of the body that can be seen or where the polyp can be felt, a numbing medicine is applied to the skin. Then a small piece of the tissue that appears to be abnormal is removed. This tissue is sent to a laboratory. There, it is tested to see if it is cancerous.

How to Prepare for the Test

If the 活组织检查 is in the 鼻子 or another surface that is open or can be seen, no special preparation is needed. Your health care provider will tell you if you need to not eat or drink anything (fast) before the 活组织检查.

More preparation is needed for biopsies inside the body. 例如, if you have a 活组织检查 of the stomach, you should not eat anything for several hours before the procedure. If you are having a 结肠oscopy, drinking a solution to clean your bowels is needed before the procedure.

Follow your provider's preparation instructions exactly.

考试的感觉如何

Numbing medicine is given locally before removing polyps on the surface of the skin. You may feel tugging while the 活组织检查 sample is being taken. After the numbing medicine wears off, the area may be sore for a few days.

Biopsies of polyps inside the body are done during procedures such as EGD or 结肠oscopy. Usually, you will not feel anything during or after the 活组织检查.

Why the Test is Performed

The test is done to determine if the growth is cancerous (malignant). The procedure may also be done to relieve symptoms, such as with the removal of nasal polyps.

正常的结果

Examination of the 活组织检查 sample shows the polyp to be benign (not cancerous).

What Abnormal Results Mean

癌细胞存在. This may be a sign of a cancerous 肿瘤. Further tests may be needed. Often, the polyp may need more treatment. This is to ensure it is completely removed.

风险

风险包括:

• 出血
• Hole (perforation) in the organ from which the polyp was removed
• 感染

参考文献

Bachert C, Zhang N, Gevaert P. Rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps. In: Burks AW, Holgate ST, O'Hehir RE, et al, eds. Middleton's Allergy: Principles and Practice. 9日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 41.

Pohl H, Draganov P, Soetikno R, Kaltenbach T. Colonoscopic polypectomy, mucosal resection, and submucosal dissection. In: Chandrasekhara V, Elmunzer BJ, Khashab MA, Muthusamy VR, eds. Clinical Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 3日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 37.

雷蒙德·L，伦茨通用汽车公司. Endoscopy in minimally invasive gynecologic surgery. In: Gershenson DM, Lentz GM, Valea FA, Lobo RA, eds. 全面的妇科. 8日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 10.

Samlan RA, Kunduk M. Visual documentation of the larynx. In: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery. 7日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 54.