肌肉活检

定义

A muscle biopsy is the removal of a small piece of muscle tissue for examination.

选择的名字

活组织检查-肌肉

How the Test is Performed

This procedure is usually done while you are awake. The health care provider will apply a numbing medicine (local anesthesia) to the biopsy area.

There are two types of muscle biopsy:

• A 针 biopsy involves inserting a 针 into the muscle. When the 针 is removed, a small piece of tissue remains in the 针. More than one 针 stick may be needed to get a large enough sample.
• An open biopsy involves making a small cut in the skin and into the muscle. The muscle tissue is then removed.

After either type of biopsy, the tissue is sent to a laboratory for examination.

How to Prepare for the Test

No special preparation is usually needed. If you will have anesthesia, follow instructions on not eating or drinking anything before the test.

How the Test will Feel

During the biopsy, there is usually little or no discomfort. You may feel some pressure or tugging.

The anesthetic may burn or sting when injected (before the area becomes numb). After the anesthetic wears off, the area may be sore for about a week.

Why the Test is Performed

A muscle biopsy is done to find out why you are weak when the doctor suspects you have a muscle problem.

A muscle biopsy may be done to help identify or detect:

• Inflammatory diseases of muscle (such as 多肌炎 or 皮肌炎)
• Diseases of the connective tissue and blood vessels (such as polyarteritis nodosa)
• Infections that affect the muscles (such as 旋毛虫病 or 弓形体病)
• Inherited muscle 障碍 such as 肌肉萎缩症 或者先天性肌病
• Metabolic defects of the muscle
• Effects of medicines, toxins, or 电解液 障碍

A muscle biopsy may also be done to tell the difference between nerve and muscle 障碍.

A muscle that has recently been injured, such as by an 肌电图 针, or is affected by a pre-existing condition, such as nerve compression, should not be selected for a biopsy.

正常的结果

A normal result means the muscle is normal.

What Abnormal Results Mean

A muscle biopsy can help diagnose the following conditions:

• 肌肉量减少(萎缩)
• Muscle disease that involves inflammation and a skin rash (皮肌炎)
• Inherited muscle disorder (Duchenne 肌肉萎缩症)
• Inflammation of the muscle
• Various muscular dystrophies
• Destruction of the muscle (肌病变化的)
• Tissue death of the muscle (坏死)
• Disorders that involve inflammation of the blood vessels and affect muscles (坏死性血管炎)
• Traumatic muscle damage
• 瘫痪肌肉
• Inflammatory disease causing muscle weakness, 肿胀压痛, and tissue damage (皮肌炎 or 多肌炎)
• Nerve problems that affect the muscles
• Muscle tissue under the skin (fascia) becomes swollen, inflamed, and thick (嗜酸性筋膜炎)

There are additional conditions under which the test may be performed.

风险

The risks of this test are small, but may include:

• 出血
• 瘀伤
• Damage to the muscle tissue or other tissues in the area (very rare)
• Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)

参考文献

Shepich小. 肌肉活检. 见:福勒GC编. Pfenninger and Fowler's Procedures for 初级护理. 第四版. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 188.

华纳WC，索耶JR. Neuromuscular 障碍. In: Azar FM, Beaty JH, eds. Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics. 14日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 35.