微蛋白尿测试

定义

This test looks for a protein called albumin in a urine sample.

Albumin can also be measured using a 血液测试 或者另一种尿检，叫做 尿蛋白试验.

选择的名字

Diabetes - microalbuminuria; Diabetic nephropathy - microalbuminuria; Kidney disease - microalbuminuria; Proteinuria - microalbuminuria; Moderately increased albuminuria

如何执行测试

You will usually be asked to give a small urine sample while at your health care provider's office.

In rare cases, you will have to collect all of your urine at home for 24小时. To do this, you will get a special container from your provider and specific instructions to follow.

为了使测试更准确， 尿肌酐 水平也可以测量. Creatinine is a chemical waste product of creatine. Creatine is a chemical made by the body that is used to supply energy to muscles.

如何准备考试

No special preparation is necessary for this test.

为什么要进行测试

People with 糖尿病 have an increased risk for kidney damage. The "filters" in the kidneys, called nephrons, slowly thicken and become scarred over time. The nephrons begin to leak certain proteins into the urine. This kidney damage can also start to happen before any 糖尿病 symptoms begin. In the early stages of 肾脏问题, 血液测试s that measure kidney function are usually normal.

If you have 糖尿病, you should have this test each year. 该测试检查早期症状 肾脏问题.

正常的结果

一个肾脏健康的人, only very small amounts of albumin passes from the blood into urine. There is little or no albumin in the urine sample. Normal albumin levels in the urine are less than 30 milligrams (mg)/24小时.

Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or may test different specimens. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your test results.

异常结果意味着什么

If the test finds a high level of albumin in your urine, your provider may have you repeat the test.

异常的结果可能意味着你的 肾脏开始受损. 但损害可能还不算严重. If the amount of albumin in the urine is not severe, it is called microalbuminuria.

Abnormal results may also be reported as:

• More than 30 mg of albumin per gram of creatinine
• Range of 20 to 200 micrograms (mcg)/min
• 范围为30至300毫克/24小时

If you have even more severe kidney damage and more albumin is found in the urine, 它被称为巨量蛋白尿.

You will need more tests to confirm a problem and show how severe the kidney damage may be.

If this test shows that you are starting to have a kidney problem, you can get treatment before the problem gets worse. There are a number of 糖尿病 medicines that have been shown to slow the progression of kidney damage. Talk to your provider about specific medicines. People with severe kidney damage may need dialysis. They may eventually need a new kidney (肾移植).

The most common cause of a high level of albumin in the urine is 糖尿病. Controlling your blood sugar level may lower the albumin level in your urine.

A high albumin level may also occur with:

• Some immune and inflammatory disorders affecting the kidney
• 一些遗传疾病
• 罕见的癌症
• 高血压
• Inflammation in the whole body (systemic)
• 肾动脉狭窄
• 发烧或运动

Healthy people may have a higher level of protein in the urine after exercise. People who are dehydrated may also have a higher level.

风险

There are no risks with providing a urine sample.

参考文献

Brownlee M, Aiello LP, Sun JK, et al. 糖尿病并发症. In: Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, eds. 威廉斯内分泌学教科书. 14日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 37.

ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, et al. 12. Retinopathy, neuropathy, and foot care: standards of care in 糖尿病-2023. 糖尿病护理. 16 2023; 46 (5): S203-S215. PMID: 36507636 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.国家卫生研究院.gov / 36507636 /.

Krishnan A, Levin A. Laboratory assessment of kidney disease: glomerular filtration rate, urinalysis, and proteinuria. In: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, eds. 布伦纳和雷克特的肾. 11日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 23.

莱利RS，麦克弗森RA. 尿液基本检查. 见:McPherson RA, Pincus MR，编辑. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 24日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 29.