静脉肾盂造影照片

定义

An intravenous pyelogram (IVP) is a special x射线 肾脏检查, 膀胱, and ureters (the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the 膀胱).

选择的名字

Excretory urography; IVP

How the Test is Performed

An IVP is done in a hospital radiology department or a health care provider's office.

You may be asked to take some medicine to clear your bowels before the procedure to provide a better view of the urinary tract. You will need to empty your 膀胱 right before the procedure starts.

Your provider will inject an iodine-based contrast (dye) into a vein in your arm. A series of x射线 images are taken at different times. This is to see how the kidneys remove the dye and how it collects in your urine.

You will need to lie still during the procedure. The test may take up to an hour.

Before the final image is taken, you will be asked to urinate again. This is to see how well the 膀胱 has emptied.

You can go back to your normal diet and medicines after the procedure. You should drink plenty of fluids to help remove all the contrast dye from your body.

How to Prepare for the Test

As with all x射线 procedures, tell your provider if you:

• Are allergic to contrast material
• 怀孕
• 有药物过敏吗?
• Have kidney disease or diabetes

Your provider will tell you if you can eat or drink before this test. You may be given a laxative to take the afternoon before the procedure to clear the intestines. This will help your kidneys to be seen clearly.

You must sign a consent form. You will be asked to wear a hospital gown and to remove all jewelry.

考试的感觉如何

You may feel a burning or 冲洗 sensation in your arm and body as the contrast dye is injected. You may also have a metallic taste in your mouth. This is normal and will go away quickly.

Some people develop a headache, nausea, or vomiting after the dye is injected.

The belt across the kidneys may feel tight over your belly area.

Why the Test is Performed

An IVP can be used to evaluate:

• 腹部受伤
• Bladder and kidney infections
• 尿中带血
• 腰痛 (可能是由于 肾结石)
• 肿瘤

What Abnormal Results Mean

The test may reveal kidney diseases, birth defects of the urinary system, 肿瘤, 肾结石, or damage to the urinary system.

风险

有机会 过敏反应 to the dye, even if you have received contrast dye in the past without any problem. If you have a known allergy to iodine-based contrast, a different test can be done. Other tests include retrograde pyelography, MRI, or ultrasound.

There is low radiation exposure. Most experts feel that the risk is low compared with the benefits.

Children are more sensitive to the risks of radiation. This test is generally avoided during pregnancy.

注意事项

Computed tomography (CT) scans have replaced IVP as the main tool for checking the urinary system. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is also used to look at the kidneys, ureters, and 膀胱.

参考文献

Bishoff JT, Rastinehad AR. Urinary tract imaging: basic principles of CT, MRI, and plain film imaging. In: Partin AW, Domochowski RR, Kavoussi LR, Peters CA, eds. Campbell-Walsh-Wein Urology. 12日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 3.

加拉格尔KM，休斯J. Urinary tract obstruction. In: Feehally J, Floege J, Tonelli M, Johnson RJ, eds. Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology. 6日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 58.

Sakhaee K, Moe OW. 尿石病. In: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Taal MW, Skorecki K, eds. Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. 11日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 38.