Hysterosalpingography

定义

Hysterosalpingography is a special x-ray using dye to look at the womb (uterus) and fallopian tubes.

选择的名字

HSG; Uterosalpingography; Hysterogram; Uterotubography; Infertility - hysterosalpingography; Blocked fallopian tubes - hysterosalpingography

How the Test is Performed

This test is done in a radiology department. You will lie on a table beneath an x-ray machine. You will place your feet in stirrups, like you do during a pelvic exam. A tool called a speculum is placed into the 阴道.

后 子宫颈 is cleaned, the health care provider places a thin tube (catheter) through the 子宫颈. Dye, called contrast, flows through this tube, filling the womb and fallopian tubes. 拍x光片. The dye makes these areas easier to see on x射线.

How to Prepare for the Test

Your provider may give you antibiotics to take before and after the test. This helps prevent infections. You may also be given medicines to take the day of the procedure to help you relax.

The best time for this test is in the first half of the menstrual cycle. Doing it at this time enables the health care provider to see uterine cavity and tubes more clearly. It also reduces the risk for infection, and ensures that you are not pregnant.

Tell your provider if you have had an allergic reaction to contrast dye before.

You can eat and drink normally before the test.

考试的感觉如何

You may have some discomfort when the speculum is inserted into the 阴道. This is similar to a pelvic exam with a Pap test.

Some women have cramps during or after the test, like those you may get during your period.

You may have some pain if the dye leaks out of the tubes, or if the tubes are blocked.

为什么要进行测试

This test is done to check for blockages in your fallopian tubes or other problems in the womb and tubes. It is often done as part of an infertility exam. It may also be done after you have your tubes tied to confirm that the tubes are fully blocked after you have had a hysteroscopic tubal occlusion procedure to prevent pregnancy.

正常的结果

A normal result means everything looks normal. 没有缺陷.

Note: Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.

What Abnormal Results Mean

Abnormal results may be due to:

• Developmental disorders of the structures of the uterus or fallopian tubes
• Scar tissue (adhesions) in the uterus or tubes
• Blockage of the fallopian tubes
• Presence of foreign bodies
• Tumors or polyps in the uterus

风险

风险可能包括:

• Allergic reaction to the contrast
• 子宫内膜感染(子宫内膜炎)
• Fallopian tube infection (输卵管炎)
• Perforation of (poking a hole through) the uterus

注意事项

This test should not be performed if you have pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)或有不明原因 阴道出血.

后 test, tell your provider right away if you have any signs or symptoms of infection. These include foul-smelling 阴道分泌物疼痛或发烧. You may need to take antibiotics if this occurs.

参考文献

Broekmans FJ, Fauser BCJM. Female infertility: evaluation and management. In: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, et al, eds. Endocrinology: Adult and Pediatric. 7日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016:chap 132.

费廷格S，法内利L. Hysterosalpingography and sonohysterography. 见:福勒GC编. Pfenninger and Fowler's Procedures for 初级护理. 第四版. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 134.

洛沃拉. Infertility: etiology, diagnostic evaluation, management, prognosis. In: Gershenson DM, Lentz GM, Valea FA, 洛沃拉, eds. 全面的妇科. 8日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 40.