Endotracheal intubation

定义

Endotracheal intubation is a medical procedure in which a tube is placed into the windpipe (trachea) through the mouth or nose. In most emergency situations, it is placed through the mouth.

Alternative Names

Intubation - endotracheal

描述

Whether you are awake (conscious) or not awake (unconscious), you will be given medicine to make it easier and more comfortable to insert the tube. You may also receive medicine to relax.

The health care provider will insert a device called a laryngoscope to be able to view the vocal cords and the upper part of the windpipe.

If the procedure is being done to help with breathing, a tube is then inserted into the windpipe and past the vocal cords to just above the spot where the trachea branches into the lungs. The tube can then be connected to a mechanical ventilator to assist breathing.

Why the Procedure Is Performed

Endotracheal intubation is done to:

• Keep the airway open in order to give oxygen, medicine, or anesthesia.
• Support breathing in certain illnesses, such as pneumonia, 肺气肿, 心脏衰竭, collapsed lung or severe trauma.
• 删除 堵塞 从呼吸道.
• Allow the provider to get a better view of the upper airway.
• Protect the lungs in people who are unable to protect their airway and are at risk for breathing in fluid (aspiration). This includes people with certain types of strokes, 过量, or massive bleeding from the esophagus or stomach.

风险

风险包括:

• 出血
• 感染
• Trauma to the voice box (larynx), thyroid gland, vocal cords and windpipe (trachea), or esophagus
• Puncture or tearing (perforation) of body parts in the chest cavity, leading to lung collapse 
  
  

Before the Procedure

The procedure is most often done in emergency situations, so there are no steps you can take to prepare.

After the Procedure

You will be in the hospital to monitor your breathing and your blood oxygen levels. You may be given oxygen or placed on a breathing machine. If you are awake, your provider may give you medicine to reduce your anxiety or discomfort.

Outlook (Prognosis)

The outlook will depend on the reason the procedure needed to be done.

参考文献

凯西DF. Tracheal intubation. In: Fowler GC, ed. Pfenninger and Fowler's Procedures for 初级护理. 第四版. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 222.

Driver BE, Reardon RF. Tracheal intubation. In: Roberts JR, Custalow CB, Thomsen TW, eds. Roberts and Hedges' Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine and Acute Care. 7日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 4.

Hartman ME, Cheifetz IM. Pediatric emergencies and resuscitation. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 81.