阴道镜引导活检

定义

阴道镜检查是一种特殊的检查子宫颈的方法. It uses a light and a low-powered microscope to make the cervix appear much larger. 这可以帮助你的医疗服务提供者找到然后 biopsy 宫颈异常区域.

选择的名字

Biopsy - colposcopy - directed; Biopsy - cervix - colposcopy; Endocervical curettage; ECC; Cervical punch biopsy; Biopsy - cervical punch; Cervical biopsy; 宫颈上皮内瘤变 - colposcopy; CIN - colposcopy; Precancerous changes of the cervix - colposcopy; 子宫颈癌 - colposcopy; Squamous intraepithelial lesion - colposcopy; LSIL - colposcopy; HSIL - colposcopy; Low-grade colposcopy; High-grade colposcopy; Carcinoma in situ - colposcopy; CIS - colposcopy; ASCUS - colposcopy; Atypical glandular cells - colposcopy; AGUS - colposcopy; Atypical squamous cells - colposcopy; Pap smear - colposcopy; HPV - colposcopy; Human papilloma virus - colposcopy; Cervix - colposcopy; Colposcopy

如何执行测试

You will lie on a table and place your feet in stirrups, to position your pelvis for exam. The provider will place an instrument (called a speculum) into your vagina 看清楚子宫颈.

The cervix and vagina are gently cleaned with a vinegar or iodine solution. This removes the mucus that covers the surface and highlights abnormal areas.

The provider will place the colposcope at the opening of the vagina and examine the area. 可以拍照. 阴道镜不会碰到你.

If any areas look abnormal, a small sample of the tissue will be removed using small biopsy tools. 可以取几个样品. Sometimes a tissue sample from inside the cervix is removed. 这被称为宫颈内膜刮除术(ECC)。.

如何准备考试

没有特别的准备. You may be more comfortable if you empty your bladder and bowel before the procedure.

考试前:

• 不要冲洗(这是不推荐的).
• 不要将任何产品放入阴道内.
• 考试前24小时内不要做爱.
• Tell your provider if you are pregnant or could be pregnant.

This test should not be done during a heavy period, unless it is abnormal. 如果你是:

• 在月经周期的最后或开始
• 出血异常

You may be able to take ibuprofen or acetaminophen (Tylenol) before the colposcopy. Ask your provider if this is OK, and when and how much you should take.

考试的感觉如何

You may have some discomfort when the speculum is placed inside the vagina. 它可能比普通飞机更不舒服 Pap test.

• 有些女性使用洁面液时会感到轻微的刺痛.
• You may feel a pinch or cramp each time a tissue sample is taken.
• You may have some cramping or slight bleeding after the biopsy.
• Do not use tampons or put anything in the vagina for several days after a biopsy.

Some women may hold their breath during pelvic procedures because they expect pain. Slow, regular breathing will help you relax and relieve pain. Ask your provider about bringing a support person with you if that will help.

You may have some bleeding after the biopsy, for about 2 days.

• 你不应该灌水, 将卫生棉条或药膏放入阴道, 或者在一周后继续做爱. 询问你的十大赌博平台排行榜你应该等多久.
• 你可以用卫生巾.

为什么要进行测试

Colposcopy is done to detect cervical cancer and changes that may lead to cervical cancer.

It is most often done when you have had an abnormal Pap smear or HPV test. It may also be recommended if you have bleeding after sexual intercourse.

Colposcopy may also be done when your provider sees abnormal areas on your cervix during a pelvic exam. 这些可能包括:

• Any abnormal growth on the cervix, or elsewhere in the vagina
• 生殖器疣 or HPV
• 子宫颈发炎或发炎(宫颈炎)

阴道镜检查可用于跟踪HPV, and to look for abnormal changes that can come back after treatment.

正常的结果

子宫颈光滑的粉红色表面是正常的.

A specialist called a pathologist will examine the tissue sample from the cervical biopsy and send a report to your doctor. 活检结果通常需要1至2周. A normal result means there is no cancer and no abnormal changes were seen.

异常结果意味着什么

Your provider should be able to tell you if anything abnormal was seen during the test, including:

• 血管的异常形态
• Areas that are swollen, worn away, or wasted away (atrophic)
• 宫颈息肉
• 生殖器疣
• 宫颈上有白色斑块

Abnormal biopsy results may be due to changes that can lead to cervical cancer. These changes are called dysplasia, or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).

• CIN为轻度发育不良
• CIN II为中度发育不良
• CIN III is severe dysplasia or very early cervical cancer called carcinoma in situ

活检结果异常可能是由于:

• 子宫颈癌
• 宫颈上皮内瘤变 (CIN) -- precancerous tissue changes that are also called cervical dysplasia
• 宫颈疣(感染) 人类乳头瘤病毒，或HPV)

If the biopsy does not determine the cause of abnormal results, 你可能需要一个叫做冷刀锥活检的程序.

Risks

After the biopsy, you may have some bleeding for up to a week. 你可能有轻微的抽筋, 你的阴道可能会感到疼痛, 你可能会有1到3天的黑分泌物.

A colposcopy and biopsy will not make it more difficult for you to become pregnant, 或者在怀孕期间引起问题.

如果出现以下情况，请立即联系您的提供商:

• 出血非常严重或持续时间超过2周.
• 你的腹部或骨盆疼痛.
• You notice any signs of infection (fever, foul odor, or discharge).

参考文献

Cohn DE, Ramaswamy B, Christian B, Bixel K. 恶性肿瘤与妊娠. In: Resnik R, Lockwood CJ, Moore TR, Greene MF, Copel JA, Silver RM, eds. Creasy and Resnik's Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Principles and Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 56.

Khan MJ, Werner CL, Darragh TM，等. ASCCP阴道镜标准:阴道镜的作用, 好处, 阴道镜检查的潜在危害和术语. 下生殖道疾病杂志. 2017;21(4):223-229. PMID: 28953110 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov / 28953110 /.

纽克GR. Colposcopic考试. 见:福勒GC编. 芬宁格和福勒的初级保健程序. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 124.

Salcedo MP, Phoolcharoen N, Schmeler KM. Intraepithelial neoplasia of the lower genital tract (cervix, vagina, 阴户):病因, 筛选, 诊断, 管理. In: Gershenson DM, Lentz GM, Valea FA, Lobo RA等. 全面的妇科. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 29.