色觉测验

定义

A color vision test checks your ability to distinguish between different colors.

选择的名字

Eye test - color; Vision test - color; Ishihara color vision test

如何执行测试

You will sit in a comfortable position in regular lighting. The health care provider will explain the test to you.

There are several tests for color vision. During the most common, you will be shown several cards with colored dot patterns. These cards are called Ishihara plates. In the patterns, some of the dots will appear to form 数字 or symbols. You will be asked to identify the symbols, if possible.

当你遮住一只眼睛, the tester will hold the cards 14 inches (35 centimeters) from your face and ask you to quickly identify the symbol found in each color pattern.

Depending on the problem suspected, you may be asked to determine the intensity of a color, particularly in one eye compared to the other. This is often tested by using the cap of a red eyedrop bottle.

A more detailed test is called the Farnsworth Munsell 100 hue test in which you arrange 100 tiles in order as the hue gradually changes.

如何准备考试

If your child is having this test performed, it may be helpful to explain how the test will feel, and to practice or demonstrate on a doll. Your child will feel less anxious about the test if you explain what will happen and why.

Usually there is a sample card of multicolored dots that almost everyone can identify, even people with color vision problems.

If you or your child normally wears glasses, wear them during the test.

Small children may be asked to tell the difference between a red bottle cap and caps of a different color.

考试的感觉如何

The test is similar to a vision test.

为什么要进行测试

This test is done to determine whether you have any problems with your color vision.

Color vision problems often fall into two categories:

• Present from birth (congenital) problems in the light-sensitive cells (cones) of the 视网膜 (the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye) -- the color cards are used in this case.
• Diseases of the optic nerve (the nerve that carries visual information from the eye to the brain) -- the bottle caps are used in this case.

正常的结果

如果你的色觉正常, you will be able to distinguish all the letters, 数字, or symbols on the Ishihara plates. If you were tested with bottle caps, you will be able to identify the colors correctly.

异常结果意味着什么

This test can determine the following congenital (present from birth) color vision problems:

• 色盲——完全 色盲只看到灰色的阴影
• Deuteranopia -- difficulty telling the difference between red/purple and green/purple
• Protanopia -- difficulty telling the difference between blue/green and red/green
• Tritanopia -- difficulty telling the difference between yellow/green and blue/green

Problems in the optic nerve can show up as a loss of color intensity, although the color card test may be normal.

There is no treatment for congenital colorblindness. 但, there are special contact lenses that may help you distinguish between certain colors, depending on the type of colorblindness you have.

风险

There are no risks with this test.

参考文献

查克RS, 邓恩SP, Flaxel CJ; American Academy of 眼科学 Preferred Practice Pattern Committee, 等. Comprehensive adult medical eye evaluation preferred practice pattern. 眼科学. 2021;128(1):1-29. www.aaojournal.org/article/S0161-6420(20)31026-5/fulltext. 2020年11月12日发布. 于2023年4月5日发布.

Hutchinson AK, Morse CL, Hercinovic A, 等. Pediatric eye evaluations preferred practice pattern. 眼科学. 2023;130(3):222-270. www.aaojournal.org/article/S0161-6420(22)00866-1/fulltext. 出版于2022年12月19日. 于2023年4月5日发布.

Karepov S, Ellenbogen T. Metasurface-based contact lenses for color vision deficiency. 选择列托人. 2020;45(6):1379-1382. PMID: 32163975 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.国家卫生研究院.gov / 32163975 /.

鲑鱼摩根富林明. 眼睛检查. 在:鲑鱼JF, ed. 坎斯基临床眼科学. 9日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 1.

鲑鱼摩根富林明. 遗传性眼底营养不良. 在:鲑鱼JF, ed. 坎斯基临床眼科学. 9日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 15.