Breast MRI scan

Definition

A breast MRI (磁共振成像)扫描是一种成像测试，它使用强大的磁铁和无线电波来创建乳房和周围组织的图像. It does not use radiation (x-rays).

A breast MRI is most often done in combination with mammography or ultrasound. It is not a replacement for mammography.

Alternative Names

MRI - breast; Magnetic resonance imaging - breast; Breast cancer - MRI; Breast cancer screening - MRI

How the Test is Performed

你将穿着病号服或没有金属扣或拉链的衣服(运动裤和t恤)。. Some types of metal can cause blurry images.

你将趴着躺在一张狭窄的桌子上，你的乳房下垂到有软垫的开口. The table slides into a large tunnel-like tube.

Some exams require a special dye (contrast). 您将通过手或前臂的静脉(IV)获得染料. 这种染料可以帮助十大赌博平台排行榜(放射科十大赌博平台排行榜)更清楚地看到某些部位.

在核磁共振过程中，操作机器的人会在另一个房间看着你. The test lasts 30 to 60 minutes, but may take longer.

How to Prepare for the Test

You likely won't need to do anything to prepare for the test. 检查前询问你的健康护理人员关于饮食的问题.

告诉你的十大赌博平台排行榜你是否害怕狭小的空间(有幽闭恐惧症). 十大赌博平台排行榜可能会给你开一种药，帮助你感到困倦和减少焦虑. Also, your provider may suggest an "open" MRI. The machine is not as close to the body in this type of test.

Before the test, tell your provider if you have:

• Brain aneurysm clips
• Certain types of artificial heart valves
• Heart defibrillator or pacemaker
• Inner ear (cochlear) implants
• Kidney disease or dialysis (you may not be able to receive the IV contrast)
• Recently placed artificial joints
• Certain types of vascular stents
• 过去曾接触过金属片(您可能需要检查眼睛中是否有金属片)

Because the MRI contains strong magnets, 金属物品不允许进入有核磁共振扫描仪的房间;

• Pens, pocketknives, and eyeglasses may fly across the room.
• 珠宝、手表、信用卡和助听器等物品都可能被损坏.
• 别针、发夹、金属拉链和类似的金属物品会扭曲图像.
• 可拆卸的牙具应该在扫描前取出.

How the Test will Feel

An MRI exam causes no pain. You will need to lie still. Too much movement can blur MRI images and cause errors.

如果你很焦虑，可能会给你一些药来镇定你的神经.

桌子可能是硬的或冷的，但你可以要一条毯子或枕头. 这台机器开机时会发出巨大的砰砰声和嗡嗡声. You will likely be given ear plugs to help reduce the noise.

房间里的对讲机可以让你随时和别人通话. 大多数核磁共振中心都有专门的音乐耳机来帮助时间流逝.

没有恢复时间，除非你吃了药来放松. After an MRI scan, you can return to your normal diet, activity, and medicines unless your doctor tells you otherwise.

Why the Test is Performed

MRI provides detailed pictures of the breast. 它还提供了在超声波或乳房x光检查上很难看到或评估清楚的乳房部分的清晰图像.

Breast MRI may also be performed to:

• 在同一乳房或之后的另一个乳房检查更多的癌症 breast cancer has been diagnosed
• Distinguish between scar tissue and tumors in the breast
• 评估乳房x光检查或乳房超声检查的异常结果
• Evaluate for possible rupture of breast implants
• Find any cancer that remains after surgery or chemotherapy
• Guide a biopsy

乳房核磁共振成像也可以在乳房x光检查后进行，以筛查以下女性的乳腺癌:

• 患乳腺癌的风险很高(有强烈的家族史或 genetic markers for breast cancer)
• Have very dense breast tissue

在做乳房核磁共振检查之前，和你的十大赌博平台排行榜谈谈做这项检查的利弊. Ask about:

• Your risk for breast cancer
• 筛查是否会降低你死于乳腺癌的几率
• Whether there is any harm from breast cancer screening, 比如检测的副作用或者发现癌症后的过度治疗

What Abnormal Results Mean

Abnormal results may be due to:

• Breast cancer
• Cysts
• Leaking or ruptured breast implants
• Abnormal breast tissue that is not cancer
• Scar tissue

Consult your provider if you have any questions and concerns.

Risks

MRI contains no radiation. 磁场和无线电波没有副作用的报道.

The most common type of contrast (dye) used is gadolinium. It is very safe. Allergic reactions to this dye are rare. 然而，钆可能对需要透析的肾病患者有害. 如果你有肾脏问题，在检查前告诉你的十大赌博平台排行榜.

核磁共振成像过程中产生的强磁场会使心脏起搏器和其他植入物无法正常工作. 它还会导致你体内的一块金属移动或移位.

Considerations

乳房核磁共振成像比乳房x光检查更敏感，尤其是在使用造影剂时. However, 乳房核磁共振可能并不总是能够区分乳腺癌和非癌性乳房生长. This can lead to a false-positive result.

核磁共振成像也不能检测到乳房x光检查能检测到的微小钙(微钙化). 某些类型的钙化可能是乳腺癌的征兆.

A biopsy 在乳房核磁共振检查中发现疑似癌症的结果需要确认吗.

References

American Cancer Society website. 美国癌症协会对早期发现乳腺癌的建议. www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection/american-cancer-society-recommendations-for-the-early-detection-of-breast-cancer.html. Updated January 14, 2022. Accessed April 13, 2023.

American College of Radiology website. 乳腺对比增强磁共振成像(MRI)性能的ACR实践参数. www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/Files/Practice-Parameters/mr-contrast-breast.pdf. Revised 2018. Accessed April 13, 2023.

美国妇产科学院(ACOG)网站. ACOG实践公报:平均风险妇女的乳腺癌风险评估和筛查. www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-bulletin/articles/2017/07/breast-cancer-risk-assessment-and-screening-in-average-risk-women. No. 179, July 2017. Reaffirmed 2021. Accessed April 13, 2023.

National Cancer Institute website. Breast cancer screening (PDQ) -- health professional version. www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/breast-screening-pdq. Updated December 20, 2022. Accessed April 13, 2023.

Siu AL; US Preventive Services Task Force. 乳腺癌筛查:美国预防服务工作组建议声明. Ann Intern Med. 2016;164(4):279-296. PMID: 26757170 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26757170/.