骨髓抽吸

定义

Bone marrow is the soft tissue inside bones that helps form blood cells. It is found in the hollow part of most bones. 骨髓抽吸 is the removal of a small amount of this tissue in liquid form for examination.

骨髓抽吸 is not the same as 骨髓活检. A biopsy removes a core of bone tissue for examination.

选择的名字

Iliac crest tap; Sternal tap; 白血病 - bone marrow aspiration; Aplastic anemia - bone marrow aspiration; Myelodysplastic syndrome - bone marrow aspiration; Thrombocytopenia - bone marrow aspiration; Myelofibrosis - bone marrow aspiration

如何执行测试

骨髓抽吸 may be done in the health care provider's office or in a hospital. The bone marrow is removed from your pelvic or breast bone. Sometimes, another bone is selected.

Marrow is removed in the following steps:

• If needed, you are given medicine to help you relax.
• The provider cleans the skin and injects numbing medicine into the area and surface of the bone.
• A special needle is inserted into the bone. The needle has a tube attached to it, which creates suction. A small sample of bone marrow fluid flows into the tube.
• 针头被取出.
• Pressure and then a bandage are applied to the skin.

The bone marrow fluid is sent to a laboratory and examined under a microscope.

如何准备考试

告诉供应商:

• If you are allergic to any medicines
• 如果你怀孕了
• If you have bleeding problems
• What medicines you are taking

考试的感觉如何

You will feel a sting and slight burning sensation when the numbing medicine is applied. You may feel pressure as the needle is inserted into the bone, and a sharp and usually painful sucking sensation as the marrow is removed. This feeling lasts for only a few seconds.

为什么要进行测试

Your doctor may order this test if you have abnormal types or numbers of red or white blood cells or platelets on a complete blood count.

This test is used to diagnose:

• 贫血 (某些)
• 感染
• 白血病
• Other blood cancers and disorders

It may help determine whether cancers have spread or responded to treatment.

正常的结果

The bone marrow should contain the proper number and types of:

• 造血细胞
• 结缔组织
• 脂肪细胞

异常结果意味着什么

Abnormal results may be due to cancers of the bone marrow, including:

• 急性淋巴细胞白血病 (所有)
• 急性髓性白血病 (AML)
• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
• 慢性骨髓性白血病 (CML)

Abnormal results may also be due to other causes, such as:

• Bone marrow doesn't make enough blood cells (aplastic anemia)
• Bacterial or fungal infections that have spread throughout the body
• Cancer of the lymph tissue (Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin 淋巴瘤)
• 一种叫做出血性疾病 idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
• 血癌称为(多发性骨髓瘤)
• Disorder in which the bone marrow is replaced by scar tissue (骨髓纤维化)
• Disorder in which the bone marrow produces too many red blood cells (polycythemia) or platelets (thrombocytosis)
• Disorder in which not enough healthy blood cells are made (myelodysplastic syndrome; MDS)

风险

There may be some bleeding at the puncture site. More serious risks, such as serious bleeding or infection, are very rare.

参考文献

贝茨一世，伯瑟姆一世. 骨髓活检. In: Bain BJ, Bates I, Laffan MA, eds. Dacie and Lewis Practical Haematology. 12日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017:chap 7.

陈国强，张国强. 骨髓抽吸 analysis -- specimen (biopsy, 骨髓铁染色, 铁染色, 骨髓). In: 陈国强，张国强, eds. Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures. 6日艾德. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; 2013:241-244.

Choby英航. 骨髓抽吸 and biopsy. 见:福勒GC编. Pfenninger and Fowler's Procedures for 初级护理. 第四版. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 220.

Vajpayee N, Graham SS, Bem S. Basic examination of blood and bone marrow. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 24日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 31.