Blood sugar test

Definition

血糖测试测量血液样本中葡萄糖的含量.

葡萄糖是身体大多数细胞的主要能量来源，包括脑细胞. Glucose is a building block for carbohydrates. 碳水化合物存在于水果、谷物、面包、意大利面和米饭中. 碳水化合物在体内迅速转化为葡萄糖. This can raise your blood glucose level.

体内产生的激素胰岛素有助于控制血糖水平.

Alternative Names

Random blood sugar; Blood sugar level; Fasting blood sugar; Glucose test; Diabetic screening - blood sugar test; Diabetes - blood sugar test

How the Test is Performed

A blood sample is needed.

How to Prepare for the Test

The test may be done in the following ways:

• 在你至少8小时没有吃任何东西之后(禁食)
• At any time of the day (random)
• Two hours after you drink a certain amount of glucose (oral glucose tolerance test)

How the Test will Feel

当针头插入抽血时，有些人会感到中度疼痛. Others feel only a prick or stinging. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or slight bruising. This soon goes away.

Why the Test is Performed

如果你有以下症状，你的十大赌博平台排行榜可能会要求你做这个测试 diabetes. 更有可能的是，十大赌博平台排行榜会要求进行空腹血糖测试.

血糖测试也用于监测已经患有糖尿病的人.

The test may also be done if you have:

• An increase in how often you need to urinate
• Recently gained a lot of weight
• Blurred vision
• 混乱或你平时说话或行为方式的改变
• Fainting spells
• Seizures (for the first time)
• Unconsciousness or coma

SCREENING FOR DIABETES

该测试也可用于筛查糖尿病患者.

高血糖和糖尿病在早期阶段可能不会引起症状. 空腹血糖测试是筛查糖尿病最常见的测试, usually starting at age 35. If you have no other diabetes risk factors, you should be tested every 3 years (in some cases, more often if your weight is rising).

如果你超重并且有以下任何其他风险因素, 询问你的十大赌博平台排行榜在更早的年龄和更频繁的检查:

• High blood sugar level on a previous test
• 血压140/90毫米汞柱或更高，或胆固醇水平不健康
• History of heart disease
• Member of a high-risk ethnic group (African American, Latino, Native American, Asian American, or Pacific Islander)
• 曾被诊断患有妊娠糖尿病的妇女
• 多囊卵巢疾病(女性性激素失衡，可能导致卵巢囊肿)
• 糖尿病近亲(如父母、兄弟或姐妹)
• Not physically active

10岁及以上的儿童如果超重并且至少有以上列出的两种危险因素，应该每3年检查一次2型糖尿病, even if they have no symptoms.

Normal Results

如果你做空腹血糖测试，70到100毫克/分升(3.9 and 5.6 mmol/L) is considered normal.

如果你做了一个随机的血糖测试，正常的结果取决于你最后一次吃饭的时间. 大多数情况下，血糖水平为125毫克/分升(6.9 mmol/L) or lower.

上面的示例显示了这些测试结果的常用测量方法. 不同实验室的正常值范围可能略有不同. 一些实验室使用不同的测量方法或可能测试不同的标本. 与您的十大赌博平台排行榜谈谈您的具体测试结果的含义.

通过静脉验血测得的血糖被认为比用血糖仪测手指棒测得的血糖更准确, or blood glucose measured by a continuous glucose monitor.

What Abnormal Results Mean

If you had a fasting blood glucose test:

• A level of 100 to 125 mg/dL (5.6 to 6.9毫摩尔/升)意味着空腹血糖受损，这是前驱糖尿病的一种. 这会增加你患2型糖尿病的风险，你应该咨询你的十大赌博平台排行榜.
• 126毫克/分升(7毫摩尔/升)或更高的水平通常意味着你患有糖尿病.

If you had a random blood glucose test:

• 200毫克/分升(11毫摩尔/升)或更高的水平通常意味着你患有糖尿病.
• Your provider will order a fasting blood glucose, A1C test, or glucose tolerance test, depending on your random blood glucose test result.
• In someone who has diabetes, 随机血糖测试的异常结果可能意味着糖尿病没有得到很好的控制. 如果你有糖尿病，和你的十大赌博平台排行榜谈谈你的血糖目标.

其他医疗问题也会导致血糖水平高于正常水平，包括:

• Overactive thyroid gland
• Pancreatic cancer
• Swelling and inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis)
• Stress due to trauma, stroke, heart attack, or surgery
• Rare tumors, including pheochromocytoma, acromegaly, Cushing syndrome, or glucagonoma

A lower-than-normal blood glucose level (hypoglycemia) may be due to:

• Hypopituitarism (a pituitary gland disorder)
• Underactive thyroid gland or adrenal gland
• Tumor in the pancreas (insulinoma - very rare)
• Too little food
• Too much insulin or other diabetes medicines
• Liver or kidney disease
• Weight loss after weight loss surgery
• Vigorous exercise

有些药物可以提高或降低血糖水平. 在检查之前，告诉你的十大赌博平台排行榜你正在服用的所有药物.

对于一些人来说，主要是那些瘦弱和年轻的人，空腹血糖水平低于70毫克/分升(3.9 mmol/L) may be normal.

Risks

抽血没有什么风险. 静脉和动脉的大小因人而异，从身体的一边到另一边也不同. 从某些人身上获得血液样本可能比从其他人身上获得更困难.

其他与抽血相关的风险很小，但可能包括:

• Excessive bleeding
• Fainting or feeling lightheaded
• Multiple punctures to locate veins
• Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
• Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)

References

ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, et al. 2. 糖尿病的分类和诊断:糖尿病护理标准-2023. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(Suppl 1):S19-S40. PMID: 36507649 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36507649/.

US Preventive Services Task Force; Davidson KW, Barry MJ, Mangione CM, et al. 筛查前驱糖尿病和2型糖尿病:美国预防服务工作组建议声明. JAMA. 2021;326(8):736-743. PMID: 34427594 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34427594/.