- 免费电车挡板. 外科十大赌博平台排行榜取皮肤, 脂肪, blood vessels and a small portion of muscle from the lower belly to reconstruct the breast. 有轨电车 代表腹直肌横肌.
病人 should know that there's another 有轨电车 flap procedure, 称为带蒂有轨电车皮瓣, 应该理解其中的区别. 带蒂有轨电车皮瓣手术, the surgeon keeps the abdominal tissue attached to its original blood supply and tunnels it under the skin and up to the breast area. Pedicle 有轨电车 flaps can significantly decrease abdominal strength. 我们在加州大学旧金山分校一般不做这种手术.
- DIEP皮瓣. 外科十大赌博平台排行榜取皮肤, 脂肪 and blood vessels from the lower belly but leaves the underlying muscle intact. However, the surgeon does cut the muscle in order to collect the needed blood vessels. DIEP stands for deep inferior epigastric perforator, the type of blood vessel used in the procedure.
Because the muscle is left in place, the DIEP皮瓣 is considered an improvement over the 有轨电车 flap.
- SIEA皮瓣. 外科十大赌博平台排行榜取皮肤, 脂肪 and blood vessels from the lower belly without making an incision in the underlying muscle. SIEA 代表腹壁浅下动脉, 下腹部皮下的血管. This technique is possible only for patients with a certain anatomy.
After a 有轨电车, DIEP or SIEA free flap procedure, your lower abdomen will be flatter. You'll likely have a scar from hip bone to hip bone and a scar around your belly button.
There is a small risk of abdominal bulge or hernia with these procedures.
You may not be able to have a free flap surgery using abdominal tissue if:
- You have abdominal scarring that may have damaged important blood vessels. (剖腹产是可以的.)
- You don't have enough donor tissue (the tissue you can pinch between your belly button and pubic bone).
- You already had an autologous reconstruction procedure using abdominal tissue and it wasn't successful.
从背部自由皮瓣重建
这种技术被称为 背阔肌瓣 (对于背部肌肉的使用). The surgeon lifts this muscle and some skin from the patient's back and uses these tissues to support the breast skin and, 在某些情况下, 帮助重建乳房丘的一部分.
A 背阔肌瓣 may be combined with a breast implant to attain the preferred size. 植入物被放置在移植组织的下方.
This procedure may be an option for women with small- to medium-sized breasts who:
- Had autologous reconstruction using tissue from another body area that failed
- Had complications from radiation therapy that affected the breast skin and don't have enough tissue for other types of flap surgery
臀部自由皮瓣重建
- S-GAP皮瓣. The surgeon uses skin and 脂肪 from the upper portion of a buttock to reconstruct the breast. S-GAP 代表臀上动脉穿支.
- I-GAP皮瓣. The surgeon uses skin and 脂肪 from the lower portion of a buttock. I-GAP 代表臀下动脉穿支.
大腿游离皮瓣重建
以大腿为基础的自体重建, 外科十大赌博平台排行榜使用皮肤和脂肪——在某些情况下, 这块肌肉叫做股薄肌，来自大腿上部. 让乳房变大, the flap can be combined with an implant or (less commonly) another type of flap.
If you have small- to medium-sized breasts and using abdominal tissue isn't possible, 以大腿为基础的皮瓣可能是一个不错的选择.
缺点包括:
- A higher risk of healing problems compared with free flaps taken from the lower belly.
- Potential leg swelling, although this usually goes away with time.
- If tissue from only one thigh is used, that thigh may look tighter and thinner than the other. Some women opt to have additional procedures to make their thighs more symmetrical.
Gracilis-based皮瓣
The gracilis, a muscle of the upper inner thigh, helps bring the leg toward the body. 这种手术后，它的功能将会丧失.
有几种方法可以实现基于股肌的皮瓣, named for the orientation of the incision made on the thigh:
- 拖船皮瓣. 横向上股薄肌瓣
- 晶簇皮瓣. 垂直上股薄肌瓣
- 挖皮瓣. 斜上股薄肌瓣
The incision used depends on the patient's thigh shape and their surgeon.
While most surgeons try to conceal the scar in the crease at the top of the thigh, 有时切口会稍微低一点, leaving a scar that may be visible when you wear a bathing suit.
人民行动党皮瓣
在人民行动党皮瓣中, the surgeon takes skin and 脂肪 – but no muscle – from the back of the upper thigh to reconstruct the breast. 人民行动党 stands for profunda artery perforator, a blood vessel in this area.
人民行动党 flap scars are usually hidden in the crease between the lower buttock and upper thigh.
