预防皮肤癌

确定你患皮肤癌的风险

上面的指导方针适用于每个人, but certain individuals are at a higher risk for developing skin cancer and should be especially cautious with sun exposure.

如果以下任何描述适用于你, see a dermatologist for a full-body examination once a year. 皮肤癌的风险是累积的. The more risk factors you have — and the more sun damage over a lifetime — the higher your risk.

皮肤癌的危险因素包括:

• Personal history of skin cancer or precancerous skin lesions
• 容易长雀斑或晒黑的
• 在你的一生中要经常暴露在阳光下
• 儿童或青少年时期多次晒伤
• 有皮肤癌家族史(如 黑素瘤) or conditions that are more likely to develop into skin cancer, such as dysplastic nevus syndrome or numerous atypical moles
• 慢性、不愈合的伤口或烧伤
• 放射治疗
• 暴露于有毒物质中，如砷
• Exposure to certain subtypes of human papilloma virus (HPV). HPV 6,11,16 and 18 have been linked to the development of 鳞状细胞癌, especially in patients with compromised immune systems.
• 器官移植 patients on immunosuppressant drugs have an increased risk of skin cancer

定期自我检查皮肤吗

An important part of skin cancer prevention and detection is learning to recognize skin changes that may become cancerous and alerting your doctor to any suspicious moles.

• Perform a thorough skin check regularly, preferably once a month. Do this in a brightly lit room in front of a full-length mirror.
• Go over your entire body carefully, noting any new or suspicious-looking moles.
• Some find it helpful to record their self-exam results by creating a "body map," or "mole map."
• Use a hand mirror to see difficult spots like the top of the scalp or back of the legs.
• Enlist your spouse or a close friend or family member to check hard to see areas.

了解黑色素瘤的基本知识

了解黑色素瘤的基本症状, 最致命的一种皮肤癌, 能帮助你在最容易治愈的时候及早发现吗.

• (不对称) 黑素瘤s often have an asymmetrical border, whereas benign moles are usually symmetrical.
• B(边界不规则)黑素瘤s often have ragged or notched borders, whereas benign moles usually don't.
• C(颜色)黑素瘤s often contain multiple shades of brown or black within a single mole, 而良性痣通常是一种颜色.
• D(直径)Early 黑素瘤s are often 6mm or larger, while benign moles are generally less than 6mm.
• E(进化)The symmetry, border, color or diameter of a mole has changed over time.

The ABCDE rule is a good guide to the common signs of 黑素瘤. Notify your primary care doctor or dermatologist if you find spots that match the descriptions below. Some 黑素瘤s don't fit the ABCDE rule so be aware of changes on your skin.

了解如何识别非黑色素瘤皮肤癌

基底细胞癌

基底细胞癌 最常诊断的是皮肤癌吗. 近年来, there has been a startling upturn in the number of young women who are diagnosed with this type of skin cancer, and the rise is blamed on the popularity of sunbathing and tanning salons.

基底细胞癌 is rarely fatal and does not normally spread, but it is still important to catch it in the early stages so that the surgical removal is as non-invasive as possible.

基底细胞癌s occur on sun-exposed areas and often look like pink bumps with the following features:

• 珍珠状或蜡状外观
• 凹陷的中心
• 表面血管不规则
• 受伤后容易出血

鳞状细胞癌

鳞状细胞癌 is the second most common type of skin cancer after basal cell carcinoma. It is rarely deadly, but may spread or recur if not caught early.

鳞状细胞癌常见于头部, 手, 耳朵, back of neck and forearms — areas with more sun exposure. 如果以下任何描述适用于你, have it checked out.

• 凸起，暗红色皮肤损伤
• 厚结壳鳞片
• 溃烂的外表