关于流感的事实

• Flu Prevention: Get Y我们的 Flu Shot
• More Flu Prevention Strategies
• Signs 和 Symptoms of the Flu
• 流感传播
• 诊断
• 流感的治疗
• 流感并发症

Flu Prevention: Get Y我们的 Flu Shot

想要避免整个冬天蜷缩在一堆纸巾和止痛药中? 预防流感的唯一最佳方法是在每年秋季流感季节开始前接种疫苗. While y我们的 annual flu shot can't offer total protection, 这将大大减少你感染这种潜在致命病毒的机会，并将其传染给其他人.

你当地的药店可能是接种流感疫苗最方便和最近的地方. Most pharmacies allow you to schedule an appointment online, 和 they often take walk-ins if they're 不 booked up.

2024-2025年流感疫苗也将在初级保健诊所和定期就诊期间提供给加州大学旧金山分校的患者. 了解更多关于 我们的 流感疫苗诊所 页面.

More about the flu vaccine

美国疾病控制与预防中心建议，6个月以上的人都应该接种流感疫苗. 注射后大约两周，它开始保护你，保护持续长达一年. Some people who get vaccinated still come down with the flu, 但他们的病情通常比那些没有接种疫苗的人要轻.

流感疫苗在美国已经使用多年. 由于流感病毒经常变化，疫苗通常每年更新一次.

这种疫苗对流感并发症风险较高的人尤其重要, 包括:

• 孕妇
• 患有某些疾病的人，包括哮喘、糖尿病和慢性肺病
• People who live with or care for infants
• Adults age 65 or older
• Children age 5 or younger

有些人应该 不 在没有事先告知医疗保健提供者的情况下接种流感疫苗，包括那些:

• Have had a bad reaction to the flu shot in the past
• Have a fever on the day they're scheduled for a flu shot

病人 with underlying diseases, such as certain blood or neuromuscular disorders, 还应该向十大赌博平台排行榜咨询注射流感疫苗是否安全. 

过去，一些对鸡蛋过敏的人被告知不要接种流感疫苗. 这个建议已经改变了:基于强有力的证据，流感疫苗对鸡蛋过敏的人是安全的, the Joint Task Force of the American Academy of Allergy, 哮喘 & Immunology (AAAAI) 和 the American College of Allergy, 哮喘 & Immunology (ACAAI) say no special precautions are needed.

考虑到这一点，接种流感疫苗的患者不会被问及他们是否对鸡蛋过敏. To find out more, visit the AAAAI's Egg Allergy 和 the Flu Vaccine 页面. 它包括这个有用的视频:“如果我对鸡蛋过敏，我应该注射流感疫苗吗??" If you have concerns, talk with y我们的 doctor.

More Flu Prevention Strategies

一些预防流感的处方抗病毒药物已被批准并在市场上出售. People at high risk of catching the flu, such as health care workers, 那些有特殊并发症风险的人应该和他们的十大赌博平台排行榜讨论使用抗病毒药物来帮助预防疾病.

除了, there are a number of ways to reduce the likelihood of catching 和 spreading respiratory illnesses like the flu:

• 洗手. 洗手是阻止疾病传播的最基本和行之有效的方法之一. 洗手 frequently using soap 和 water, especially after coughing, 打喷嚏或触摸家里或工作场所的共用物品.
• Cover y我们的 mouth 和 nose. 咳嗽或打喷嚏时用肘部或袖子捂住，并要求你周围的人也这样做.
• Avoid touching y我们的 eyes, nose 和 mouth. 当人们接触被污染的东西，然后触摸他们的眼睛时，细菌通常会传播, 鼻子或嘴巴.
• 限制近距离接触. Limit contact with people who are sick. And when you're sick, keep y我们的 distance from others.
• Stay home when you're sick. 如果你得了流感，要采取预防措施，避免让别人接触到病毒. If possible, stay home from work 和 school. 最好避免参加公共场合和家庭聚会以及跑腿.

Signs 和 Symptoms of the Flu

Signs 和 symptoms include:

• Fever, often around 102° Fahrenheit
• 头疼
• 极度疲劳
• 干咳
• 喉咙痛
• 流鼻涕或鼻塞
• 肌肉酸痛

除了, gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting 和 diarrhea sometimes accompany the flu. These are much more common in children than in adults.

许多人用“胃流感”这个词来形容恶心、呕吐或腹泻的疾病. Although these symptoms sometimes can be related to the flu, they're rarely the main symptoms of influenza, 哪个是呼吸道疾病，而不是肠胃疾病. 其他病毒、细菌甚至寄生虫也会引起胃肠道症状.

流感传播

流感是会传染的. You can spread the flu starting one day 之前 you feel sick 和 up to seven days after getting sick. Children can be contagious for longer than seven days.

Flu viruses are spread when someone with the flu coughs, 打喷嚏或说话，并将携带病毒的飞沫传播到其他人吸入的空气中. 当有人接触带有流感病毒的表面时，病毒也会传播, 比如门把手, 和 then touches their eyes, 鼻子或嘴巴.

诊断

You may have the flu if you have a sudden onset of body aches, fever 和 respiratory symptoms, 特别是如果你的病发生在10月到4月之间——这是美国通常的流感季节. However, people can get the flu at any time of the year.

Although doctors often diagnose the flu by evaluating symptoms, 仅凭症状是不可能确定你是否得了流感的, as other respiratory illnesses can cause similar symptoms. 测试可以提供明确的诊断，但需要在症状开始后的头两三天进行. 可能需要进行身体检查，以确定你是否有其他由流感并发症引起的健康问题.

流感的治疗

If you develop the flu, 最好是休息，给你的身体一个完全和快速恢复的机会.

• 充分休息
• 多喝液体
• Avoid using alcohol 和 tobacco

你可以服用药物来缓解症状，但千万不要给有流感样症状的儿童或青少年服用阿司匹林, 特别热, without first speaking to a doctor. 给患流感的儿童和青少年服用阿司匹林会导致一种罕见但严重的疾病——雷氏综合征. Children or teenagers with the flu should get plenty of rest, 多喝液体, 和 take medicines that don't contain aspirin to relieve symptoms.

If you have unusually severe symptoms, such as trouble breathing, or if you're at special risk of complications, contact y我们的 doctor as soon as y我们的 symptoms begin. You may be able to take an  antiviral medication, 哪一种方法可以减轻病情的严重程度，并可能缩短病程. 马上和你的十大赌博平台排行榜谈谈，因为你必须在发病的头两天开始服用这些药物.

流感并发症

流感引起的并发症包括细菌性肺炎和脱水. 除了, the flu can worsen chronic medical conditions, such as congestive heart failure, 哮喘 和 糖尿病. 由于流感，儿童可能会出现鼻窦问题和耳部感染.